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PCOS is a genetic disorder affecting women's reproductive health, with treatments focused on symptoms like insulin resistance and fertility.

New treatments for PCOS are improving fertility and managing symptoms better.

Eating a Mediterranean diet and taking certain supplements may improve symptoms of PCOS.

A 12-year-old girl with very high testosterone and insulin resistance improved with birth control pills, suggesting PCOS can cause high testosterone without tumors.

Women with PCOS have similar bone density to healthy women, but those who are obese have higher bone density at some body sites.

About 2.2% of women with symptoms of high male hormones have a mild form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and measuring a specific hormone level can accurately diagnose it.

Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.

A combination of nanomilled oral testosterone and dutasteride normalized testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and is safe for short-term use.

Chromium supplements don't improve insulin, hormone levels, or cholesterol in women with PCOS but raise testosterone levels.

Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.

Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Insulin sensitizers may slightly reduce hirsutism but are less effective than other treatments.

Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.

PCOS symptoms change with age; younger women have higher androgen levels and less metabolic issues, while older women face more metabolic challenges despite milder PCOS symptoms.

The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.

Metformin helps regulate menstrual cycles, induce ovulation, and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.

Birth control pills containing cyproterone acetate improve the quality of life more for women with polycystic ovary syndrome after 6 months of use.

Identifying nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and carriers of CYP21 mutations is challenging, and genetic counseling is recommended due to their prevalence.

PCOS is linked to diabetes and insulin resistance, and managing AGEs may help treat related symptoms.

Raising awareness about PCOS can improve women's quality of life.

PCOS often leads to sleep problems, especially obstructive sleep apnea, affecting overall health.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome tend to have a longer distance between the clitoris and anus.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

Women with PCOS tend to have higher anxiety and depression levels compared to healthy women.

Teens with PCOS and a mom with PCOS have higher insulin resistance and lower adiponectin levels, which could signal early metabolic problems.

Measuring the distance from the anus to the clitoris may moderately help diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in certain cases.

The conclusion is that while oral contraceptive pills are effective for PCOS-related high androgen levels, new treatments with fewer side effects are needed.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

Young women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia may experience worse sexual function and mild depression compared to healthy women.