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This study suggests that in rats, maternal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance lead to activation of ferroptosis in the gravid uterus and placenta, mediated by different molecular and cellular mechanisms.

This article reviews the process for diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome and suggests how it can be applied in clinical practice but reports no new results.

This review discusses the relationship between SHBG, NAFLD, and PCOS and reports no new clinical results; the authors highlight low hepatic SHBG production as potentially significant in PCOS pathogenesis.

This study found that ZP4 expression was highest among PCOS patients with regular menstrual cycles, which may be linked to mature follicle presence, but no correlation with clinical indices was observed.

This case report identified ovarian hyperthecosis as the cause of recent-onset androgenic symptoms in a 73-year-old woman, which was confirmed by ovary removal and led to symptom improvement.

This review discusses the role of dermatologists in diagnosing and treating PCOS-related dermatological manifestations, emphasizing the importance of early intervention to enhance patients' quality of life, but reports no new clinical findings.

This case report describes a woman with severe hyperandrogenism due to ovarian tumors, where surgical removal led to dramatic improvement in her diabetes control and reduced insulin requirements.

This case series observed the efficacy of GnRH analogues in diagnosing and treating various forms of ovarian hyperandrogenism, illustrating their role in symptom management without surgery, particularly for benign conditions and refractory androgen excess.

This case study highlights the challenges of diagnosing hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women, reporting a patient with androgenic alopecia and high testosterone due to a benign Leydig cell tumor in the ovary; surgery successfully normalized testosterone levels.

A rare pancreatic tumor caused a woman's male-like features, treated successfully with surgery and medication.

In this case series study, two Peruvian women with virilizing ovarian tumors called Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors showed clinical improvement and normalization of androgens after surgical treatment, highlighting the diagnostic challenge of these rare presentations at different ages.

This review discusses the potential use of prostate specific antigen as a diagnostic marker for hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome but reports no new clinical results and calls for further research.

This case report illustrates that Leydig cell tumors, despite causing significantly elevated androgen levels, can be difficult to localize due to their small size, as demonstrated in a 42-year-old woman whose tumor was only identified after oophorectomy.

This article discusses the challenges of diagnosing and managing polycystic ovarian syndrome and reports no new research findings, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic criteria and lifestyle intervention to prevent complications.

This article reviews treatment approaches for polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting lifestyle changes, medications like metformin for insulin resistance, and fertility therapies, acknowledging the complexities and contraindications involved.

This review discusses the causes and recommended clinical investigations for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, highlighting the role of androgen excess in symptoms like hirsutism and its association with metabolic disorders.

This article provides diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hyperandrogenic disorders in women but reports no new clinical results; it offers a summary of accepted scientific information and suggestions for clinical practice.

This article outlines the clinical features, evaluation, and treatment strategies for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting important diagnostic and management approaches but reporting no new research results.

This review discusses the various causes of hirsutism other than PCOS, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing potentially life-threatening conditions like androgen-secreting tumors from more benign causes; it reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of premature adrenarche and suggests it may predict future ovarian hyperandrogenism in some adolescents; no new clinical results are reported.

This review explores the significant impacts of hormonal changes within normal physiological ranges and suggests examining low-dose effects from chemicals disrupting hormonal activity; it presents no new clinical results.

Higher thyroid hormone levels may be linked to certain types of polycystic ovary syndrome.

This article reviews the pathophysiology and causes of androgen-mediated hair growth in hirsutism but does not report any clinical outcomes; treatment aspects are discussed separately.

In this case series, the authors reported that postmenopausal hyperandrogenism should be carefully evaluated to diagnose potential androgen-secreting tumors, with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors identified as a common cause.

This review discusses hormonal influences and treatment considerations in female acne, particularly highlighting the role of androgens in persistent or resistant cases, and reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that the TNF-α system may contribute to hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome, independent of the C850T polymorphism.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

This review provides an update on sex hormone-associated dermatoses in dogs, detailing known conditions like feminization syndrome and exploring less understood issues such as alopecia X, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review discusses the evolution of diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome and emphasizes its association with various metabolic and cardiovascular risks, but it provides no new research findings.

This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and possible genetic and environmental influences of polycystic ovary syndrome but provides no new research findings.