Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The document from November 1, 2020, reviewed the role of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), suggesting that low SHBG levels may be a significant factor in the development of PCOS by increasing the bioavailability of androgens. It proposed SHBG as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target, especially for managing PCOS in women. The review discussed how SHBG production is regulated, including the negative impact of monosaccharides, insulin, and androgens, and the positive impact of thyroid and estrogenic hormones on SHBG expression. It also considered SHBG's role in insulin resistance and its potential as a signal transduction factor. The document highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in adolescents to prevent PCOS progression and associated comorbidities. Additionally, it mentioned a large clinical study with 121,064 control women that found a higher prevalence of NAFLD in women with PCOS, suggesting that low SHBG levels may lead to increased androgen bioavailability, contributing to ovarian dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. The review concluded that while SHBG could be a useful biomarker for identifying young women at risk of developing PCOS, more clinical studies are needed to assess its effectiveness.