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Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

AIRE-deficient rats developed severe autoimmune disease similar to APECED, useful for testing treatments.

Hormonal changes during and after pregnancy can cause hair growth changes and hair loss, with treatments available for some conditions.

The dog died from myxedema coma linked to severe atherosclerosis and thyroid issues.

Different women's hair and skin glands respond to hormones in varied ways, which can cause unwanted hair growth even with normal hormone levels, and more research is needed to treat this effectively.

Hair loss can be a key sign of a rare type of rickets when vitamin D treatment doesn't work and advanced tests aren't available.

Camellia japonica extract may improve scalp health and promote hair growth.

Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important for hair follicle regression by controlling cell death.

Hormones and signaling pathways control sebaceous gland function and could help treat acne.

No treatment fully prevents hair loss from chemotherapy yet.

Laminin-511 may help promote hair growth, while laminin-332 does not affect hair loss.

Changing the environment around stem cells could help tissue repair, but it's hard to be precise and avoid side effects.

The document concludes that assessing hair follicle damage due to cyclophosphamide in mice involves analyzing structural changes and suggests a scoring system for standardized evaluation.

Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.

Hormones and neuroendocrine factors control hair growth and color, and more research could lead to new hair treatment options.

Fullerene nanomaterials help hair grow faster and increase hair follicles.

The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.

Genes linked to fibrosis are more active in people with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Finasteride helps hair growth by decreasing cell death in hair follicles.

Finasteride affects hair growth by changing caspase and XIAP levels, potentially treating hair diseases.

OCT binds strongly to hair sheath cells and may affect skin and hair growth with fewer side effects than vitamin D3.

Prolactin affects when mice shed and grow hair.

Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.

Chemotherapy often causes hair loss, which usually grows back within 3 to 6 months, but there's no effective treatment to prevent it.

The conclusion is that effectively treating hair disorders is difficult due to the complex factors affecting hair growth and more research is needed to improve treatments.

Dissolving microneedles show promise for delivering medication through the skin but face challenges like manufacturing complexity and regulatory hurdles.