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Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

The document concludes that hair is complex, with a detailed growth cycle, structure, and clinical importance, affecting various scientific and medical fields.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for tissue development and has potential in regenerative medicine, but requires more research for therapeutic use.

Smart biomaterials that guide tissue repair are key for future medical treatments.

Improving the environment and cell interactions is key for creating human hair in the lab.

Small molecule drugs show promise for advancing regenerative medicine but still face development challenges.

Wnt signaling is important for development and cell regulation but can cause diseases like cancer when not working properly.

Hair growth is influenced by various body and external factors, and neighboring hairs communicate to synchronize regeneration.

Patient-derived melanocytes can potentially treat vitiligo by restoring skin pigmentation.

Certain transporters are found in human hair follicles and may affect hair growth and loss.

Light therapy using helium-neon lasers can help restore skin color in vitiligo by promoting skin cell growth and movement.

Cell therapy shows promise for treating severe psoriasis but needs more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Advanced therapies like gene, cell, and tissue engineering show promise for hair regrowth in alopecia, but their safety and effectiveness need more verification.

Using a patient's own fat tissue helped treat hair loss caused by an injury.

The engineered skin substitute helped grow skin with hair on mice.

Skin cysts might help advance stem cell treatments to repair skin.

Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields may help mice grow hair faster.

Hormones cause hair loss by affecting cell growth and weakening cell attraction.

Gamma rays did not change hair follicle density but increased white and hypopigmented hairs in mice.

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes from certain cells, can stimulate hair growth.

Newborn screening and gene therapy are expected to improve outcomes for Omenn syndrome patients.

The document concludes that a complete skin restoration biomaterial does not yet exist, and more clinical trials are needed to ensure these therapies are safe and effective.

Future research should focus on making bioengineered skin that completely restores all skin functions.

Gene therapy shows promise for treating skin disorders and cancer, but faces technical challenges.

New treatments for hair loss, fertility, and wound healing are being explored.

New treatments for skin and hair repair show promise, but further improvements are needed.

The book explains the science of tissue repair and regeneration, its medical uses, challenges, and ethical concerns.