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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Essential oils in cosmetics can offer benefits but may cause allergies and should be used carefully.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Minoxidil treats hair loss, promotes growth, has side effects, and has recent patents.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Silver can help prevent and treat infections but its effectiveness varies and should be weighed against costs and side effects.

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

Oxidative stress contributes to hair graying and loss as we age.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

The hydrogel with a 1:3 ratio of hydroxyethyl cellulose to hyaluronic acid is effective for delivering drugs through the skin to treat acne.

Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.

Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.

Liposomes could improve how skin care products work but are costly and not very stable.

We need more research to better understand human hair follicle stem cells for improved treatments for hair loss and skin cancer.

Minoxidil-loaded NLC gel shows potential for effective alopecia treatment.

Hair ages due to genetics and environmental factors, leading to graying and thinning, with treatments available for some conditions.

Hair elemental analysis could be useful for health and exposure assessment but requires more standardization and research.

Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.

Layer-by-Layer self-assembly is promising for biomedical uses like tissue engineering and cell therapy, but challenges remain in material safety and process optimization.

Liposomes better deliver minoxidil for hair loss treatment than niosomes.

Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.

Smart biomaterials that guide tissue repair are key for future medical treatments.

Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.

Minoxidil foam enters hair follicles and skin for hair growth.