Clomiphene Citrate as Nanomedicine Assistance in Ovulatory Disorders and Its Hyphenated Techniques

The document discusses the application of nanotechnology to improve the effectiveness and reduce the side effects of Clomiphene citrate, a drug used to treat ovulatory disorders. Clomiphene citrate stimulates ovulation by increasing the amount of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) exposed to the ovary, and has been found to restore ovulation in about 80% of treated individuals. Nanotechnology can enhance the solubility of Clomiphene citrate and limit its side effects. For example, a nanosized Clomiphene citrate-encapsulating Phosal-based formulation (PBF) has been developed to reduce the drug's negative effects on the endometrium. Additionally, nanosuspensions using PVP K-30 and Tween-80 have been created to enhance the drug's solubility. The document also discusses hyphenated techniques for analyzing and quantifying Clomiphene citrate in solvents and biological samples.