375 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review discusses the brain-skin connection, the skin's role in stress response, and highlights unmet challenges in understanding stress-induced skin inflammation but reports no new experimental findings.
September 2004 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study reports that stress-related neurohormones and factors, such as CRH and SP, can inhibit hair growth and alter immune functions in murine and human hair follicles.
July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that Substance P increased mitochondrial activity and biogenesis markers in cultured human scalp hair follicles, suggesting a novel link between stress-related neuropeptide signaling and hair follicle mitochondrial responses.
127 citations
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study provides evidence that psychoemotional stress inhibits hair growth in mice by affecting the brain-hair follicle axis, with specific neuropeptides and treatments modulating this effect.
69 citations
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May 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This research highlights that psychological stress can adversely affect hair growth in mice, implicating potential pathways that may be relevant in understanding stress-induced hair growth inhibition in humans.
34 citations
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October 2011 in “Pathology Research International” This article reviews potential factors influencing Behçet's disease, like increased neutrophil functions, immunological changes, stress, and hormonal alterations, but it presents no new clinical results.
286 citations
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August 2007 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This review examines the interplay of genetics and neuroimmunology in alopecia areata, highlighting its potential to inform broader autoimmunity research, but reports no new findings.
295 citations
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May 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.
22 citations
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November 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This presentation reviews recent discoveries about signaling mechanisms in hair follicles and their potential influence on hair cycle control and melanogenesis, without presenting new experimental results.
January 2025 in “TURKDERM” This study observed that patients with alopecia areata had higher psychological distress levels and distinct neurotrophin serum levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting a relationship between psychological factors and neurotrophins in the disease's pathology.
10 citations
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October 2018 in “Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation” This case report describes a 31-year-old woman experiencing alopecia areata as a potential side effect of alemtuzumab treatment for relapsing-remitting MS.
2 citations
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September 2019 in “Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation” This case report describes a patient with autoimmune autonomic neuropathy associated with high-titer gAChR antibodies who developed selective pigmented hair loss during IV immunoglobulin treatment.
2 citations
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June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology” In this case study, the coexistence of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, alopecia areata, and twenty-nail dystrophy in a patient is reported, suggesting thymoma may increase the risk of developing these conditions.
December 2023 in “Journal of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology” Teriflunomide can cause hair thinning.
73 citations
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August 2019 in “Cell Proliferation” This review explores the interactions between the skin, peripheral nervous system, and immune system and reports no new results; the authors highlight the importance of understanding these connections for various skin conditions.
December 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review highlights that disturbances in neuroimmune communication, particularly between sympathetic nerves and macrophages, may contribute to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and suggests potential therapeutic avenues by restoring this communication in preclinical and early clinical studies.
50 citations
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April 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses neuroimmune communication in skin disorders and peripheral neuropathic pain, highlighting the complex interactions between sensory neurons and immune cells; it reports no new clinical results but suggests potential future therapies.
March 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This study reviewed how neuropeptides and cutaneous innervation play crucial roles in the process of wound healing, suggesting they significantly influence inflammation and tissue repair phases.
1 citations
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July 2010 in “TURKDERM” This article reviews the impact of psychological factors on skin health and discusses the interplay between stress, the brain, and the immune system but presents no new clinical findings.
293 citations
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November 2005 in “Trends in Immunology” This study indicates that stress in mice recruits specific neuroimmunoendocrine elements, leading to neurogenic skin inflammation that inhibits hair growth and highlights the skin's role in stress response research.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Immunology” In this review, researchers detail how immunosenescence and chronic neuroinflammation contribute to Parkinson's disease progression, exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting this axis, such as senolytic agents and immune rejuvenation, while highlighting associated challenges and future research needs.
34 citations
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August 2005 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This review discusses how the brain can influence skin biology, suggesting a link between psychological factors and skin health, but it reports no new scientific findings.
4 citations
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November 2016 in “Pediatric Clinics of North America” This article discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for immune-mediated central nervous system diseases but reports no new clinical findings.
12 citations
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November 2024 in “Burns & Trauma” This review highlights the critical role of neuroregulation in skin wound healing, emphasizing how neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and discusses potential therapeutic strategies, such as neuromodulation, to enhance these processes.
115 citations
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November 2004 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity” This study found that stress increases the number of peptidergic nerve fibers and mast cell activity in mouse skin, suggesting a significant neuro-immune interaction under stress.
This review highlights the multifaceted roles of skin in immune and endocrine functions, stressing its contributions to psycho-immunological and psycho-endocrine responses, but presents no new research findings.
66 citations
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July 2007 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study in mice demonstrated that stress or nerve growth factor injection increases sensory neuron activity related to skin innervation, suggesting a strong connection between stress perception and neurogenic skin inflammation.
9 citations
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September 2010 in “Immunology Endocrine & Metabolic Agents - Medicinal Chemistry” This article reviews how sex hormones and their analogues are used to treat diseases like autoimmune disorders and cancer, and discusses potential applications in infectious and parasitic diseases, without reporting new clinical results.
8 citations
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April 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that neuropeptides may contribute to the progression of alopecia areata by causing neurogenic inflammation and disrupting the inflammatory environment of hair follicles, but the exact pathogenesis still requires further investigation.
109 citations
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April 1997 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The researchers reported that mast cell and nerve fiber interactions in mouse skin are highly selective for nerve fiber types and vary depending on the hair cycle phase.