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FGF9 controls which receptors it binds to through a process where two FGF9 molecules join, and changes in FGF9 can lead to incorrect receptor activation.

The testes produce sperm and hormones essential for male development.

Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.

Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.

Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women that can cause metabolic, reproductive, and psychological issues, and requires lifestyle changes and medication for management.

Different PCOS types respond uniquely to infertility treatments, with some having lower pregnancy rates and higher risks of complications.

Dihydrotestosterone treatment on 2D and 3D-cultured skin cells slows down hair growth by affecting certain genes and could be a potential target for hair loss treatment.

Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.

The review concludes that innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and developmental biology are essential for effective tissue repair and organ transplants.

Increased free testosterone can lead to stronger bones and less body fat but also higher risks of prostate cancer, hair loss, spine issues, and high blood pressure.

The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.

The document explains how male reproductive hormones work and affect the body.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of AMH in their blood and follicles, and this can help predict their risk of overreaction to fertility treatments.

Short telomeres contribute to aging and cancer, and while telomerase can delay aging, it may also promote cancer.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a rare inherited disease causing hormone imbalances, affecting growth, fertility, and heart health, diagnosed through blood tests and treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

HNG may help prevent the negative effects of chemotherapy on sperm production and white blood cell counts.

Sheep and goat hair fibers are complex due to keratin-associated proteins, which are important for fiber properties and growth.

Bald men may have a lower risk of testicular cancer.

Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.

Hdac1 and Hdac2 help maintain and protect the cells that control hair growth.

The study suggests that motor neurons created from stem cells of patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy show signs of the disease, including changes in protein levels and cell functions.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Platelet-rich plasma may help hair follicle cells grow by affecting certain genes and pathways.

Porphyra-334 may help reduce wrinkles and promote hair growth.

Carvone helps treat skin issues by reducing melanin and stopping harmful cell growth.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.