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Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.

The LRRK2-G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease has a lifetime penetrance of 25-35%, and finasteride may help reduce symptoms in adult male Tourette syndrome patients.

Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.

Autoimmune liver diseases are likely linked to certain skin conditions like vitiligo and psoriasis.

Diagnosing PCOS in teenagers should focus on signs of excess male hormones and not rely solely on ovarian ultrasound or irregular periods, and should be reassessed in adulthood.

Adipose-derived stem cells show promise in treating skin conditions like vitiligo, alopecia, and nonhealing wounds.

Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease often have skin problems like vitiligo and alopecia areata.

PCOS lowers quality of life, causing issues like obesity, infertility, and menstrual problems.

Prostate-specific antigen may be a new marker for excess male hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Liposomes improve the delivery and effectiveness of cosmetic ingredients but face challenges like cost and stability.

Women with PCOS-related infertility can often conceive with treatments like clomiphene and metformin, but managing pregnancy complications is important.

Levodopa for Parkinson's disease might be linked to skin issues like melanoma, but it's unclear if the drug or the disease causes them.

The Androgen Receptor could be a target for treating diseases like cancer, but more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of potential treatments.

TURP is the best treatment for BPH, but some patients prefer medications like alpha-blockers and finasteride.

Hormonal therapies, like flutamide and cyproterone acetate, are safe and effective for treating adult women's acne, especially those with hormone imbalance or resistant acne.

Sardinians were historically short due to a mix of genetics and factors like disease and poor nutrition, but recent height increases suggest better living conditions had a bigger impact.

Careful planning and technique in upper facial rejuvenation can minimize risks like hair loss, nerve damage, and scarring.

JAK inhibitors, like baricitinib, are effective and safe for treating alopecia areata.

Treating PCOS is complex, involving medication like metformin and lifestyle changes, and requires attention to mental health due to high depression and anxiety rates.

Sex steroids affect the MafB gene differently in male and female hamsters.

Flavonoids in Iraqi marshland plants have potential health benefits like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Androgens and other hormones affect hair growth and skin conditions like acne.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

The document concludes that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease without a definitive cure, but treatments like corticosteroids are commonly used.

Isotretinoin's effects and side effects, like birth defects and depression, might be due to it causing cell death in various cells.

FAGA diagnosis uses blood tests and trichoscopy, with treatments like topical minoxidil, oral anti-androgens, and hormone-modulating drugs.

Low-potency steroids can cause serious side effects in people with skin conditions like Netherton syndrome.

The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.