Investigations on Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Other Flavonoids in Aquatic Plants of Iraqi Marshlands

The study by Al-Sa'idy et al. investigates the presence and biological significance of flavonoids, particularly kaempferol and quercetin, in three aquatic plants (Nuphar, Najas, and Nymphoides) from the Iraqi marshlands. It highlights the diverse types and quantities of flavonoids in these plants, noting that Nuphar species are rich in polyphenolic compounds, while Najas species have fewer reports on individual flavonoid identification. Nymphoides species show significant variation in flavonoid content based on solvent polarity, with ethanolic extracts containing higher levels of quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. The study underscores the potential health benefits of these flavonoids, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activities, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects against various diseases.