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CD8+ T cells are involved in alopecia areata and may cause disease relapse.

Cyclosporin A promotes hair cell growth and affects protein kinase C levels.

Ruxolitinib helps protect skin stem cells and keeps skin healthy in mice with skin GVHD.

Human skin can provide stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration, but there are challenges in obtaining and growing these cells safely.

MSCs and their exosomes may speed up skin wound healing but need more research for consistent use.

Hair follicle stem cells help maintain skin health and could improve skin replacement therapies.

Ruxolitinib effectively and safely regrows hair in alopecia patients.

Perilla frutescens, an East Asian plant, contains 400 bioactive compounds that have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticancer effects, and can treat conditions like diabetes, skin allergies, and neurological disorders.

RNA delivery is best for in-body use, while RNP delivery is good for outside-body use. Both methods are expected to greatly impact future treatments.

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors can treat certain aggressive cancers but face limitations like resistance and side effects.

Thiopurines help treat IBD but require genetic testing to avoid side effects.

Fibroblasts are important in healing diabetic wounds, but high sugar levels can harm their function and slow down the healing process.

Tamarix aphylla may be effective for various medical conditions, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Some drugs may help treat both COVID-19 and radiation injury.

TLR4 is important in aging-related diseases and could be a new treatment target.

Alopecia areata patients have varied cancer risks, with some cancers being lower and others higher.

As skin cells mature, vitamin D receptor levels decrease while retinoid X receptor α levels increase.

Mesenchymal stem cells may help treat hair loss by improving hair cell growth and reducing inflammation.

Basonuclin 2 is vital for the development of facial bones, hair follicles, and male germ cells in adult mice, and its absence can lead to dwarfism and abnormal follicles.

New treatments for non-small cell lung cancer are being tested, with some already in use, focusing on immune response and targeting cancer cells, but side effects vary.

Innate immunity genes in hair follicle stem cells might have new roles beyond traditional immune functions.

Marine algae compounds may improve skin health and promote hair growth.

PPARγ is essential for maintaining healthy skin, controlling inflammation, and ensuring proper skin barrier function.

Reductive stress messes up collagen balance and alters cell signaling in human skin cells, which could help treat certain skin diseases.

Extracellular vesicles show promise for wound healing, but more research is needed to improve their stability and production.

New cancer treatments aim to reduce side effects and improve effectiveness.

The review concludes that innovations in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and developmental biology are essential for effective tissue repair and organ transplants.

Different immune cells like platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells all play roles in skin wound healing, but more research is needed due to inconsistent results and the complex nature of the immune response.

Eyelid cells share signaling components but differ in pathway activity.

Cepharanthine has many medicinal uses but needs improvement for better effectiveness.