Native and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Wound Healing

The document discusses the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs), both native and engineered, in promoting wound healing. EVs are nano-sized particles released by cells that can deliver growth factors and other substances to injured cells, aiding in cell proliferation, anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, and re-epithelization. However, natural EVs have limitations like low concentration and rapid degradation. Engineered EVs, improved through methods like preconditioning donor cells, genetic manipulation, and combination with hydrogels, have been explored to overcome these limitations. The document also highlights the need for further research to enhance the therapeutic potential of EVs, including large-scale production, standardization of preparation, and quality control. It suggests that future research should focus on tissue-derived EVs and proteins of EVs for promoting wound healing.