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Adult mice with CBS deficiency show minimal health issues and normal lifespan despite high homocysteine levels.

EDA signaling is linked to skin disorders, various cancers, and liver disease.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Special proteins are important for skin balance, healing, and aging, and affect skin stem cells.

The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.

Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.

Glucocorticoids and sex hormones affect skin health, with potential for targeted treatments to minimize side effects and treat skin conditions.

A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.

Type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing, with high treatment failure rates and more severe than Type 1; certain drugs can lower lipid levels effectively with varying side effects, and apples may benefit heart health like statins but with fewer side effects.

Recombinant keratin K31 makes damaged hair thicker, stronger, and straighter.

Afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib could be effective against KRASG12C-mutant tumors.

Some hair protein genes evolved early and were adapted for use in hair follicles.

Modified keratin binds better to hair, especially bleached hair.

Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.

Topical retinoids effectively improve photodamaged skin.

Dobutamine does not mimic dopamine at therapeutic doses but may at very high concentrations; microfilaments, not microtubules, are important for wound healing in Xenopus embryos.

Silibinin-loaded micelles significantly protect hair from UV-B damage.

Patients with mycosis fungoides have a higher risk of heart disease.

KAP genes show significant genetic variability, but its impact on hair traits is unclear.

Climate-related nutritional stress may cause hair loss in juvenile male Guadalupe fur seals.

Microfibrils are key for permanent waves, and hydrolyzed keratin improves wave formation and hair condition.

Sheep and goat hair fibers are complex due to keratin-associated proteins, which are important for fiber properties and growth.

Researchers created a mouse with the same mutation as humans with trichothiodystrophy, showing similar symptoms and confirming the condition is due to defects in DNA repair and gene activity.

The document concludes that over 500 genes are linked to hair disorders and this knowledge is important for creating new treatments.

Keratin-associated proteins have ancient origins and were used for different purposes before being adapted for hair in mammals.

Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.

Recombinant human epidermal growth factor is versatile, effective, and safe for long-term skin and mucosal treatments.

Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections effectively treat hair loss and thinning in both men and women, with high satisfaction and no major side effects.