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The vitamin D receptor is essential for skin stem cells to grow, move, and become different cell types needed for skin healing.

Androgen receptor activity blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling, affecting hair growth and skin cell balance.

Foxi3 expression in developing teeth and hair is controlled by the ectodysplasin pathway.

The mineralocorticoid receptor may play a role in skin and hair health and could be a new target for treating related disorders.

Patient-derived melanocytes can potentially treat vitiligo by restoring skin pigmentation.

Removing vitamin D and calcium receptors in mice skin cells slows down skin wound healing.

Rapamycin treatment helps with mitochondrial disease by reducing PKC levels.

Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling with EGF receptor is necessary for proper hair growth.

Runx1 controls fat-related genes important for normal and cancer cell growth, affecting skin and hair cell behavior.

FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.

IFN-γ and IL-2 are important for T cell activation in hair loss in mice.

Pannexin 3 helps skin and hair growth by controlling a protein called Epiprofin.

Hair follicle studies suggest that maintaining telomere length could help treat hair loss and graying, but it's uncertain if mouse results apply to humans.

Allopregnanolone is needed for certain brain processing issues caused by D1 dopamine receptor activation.

Astrotactin proteins are important for brain and skin development and are linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders.

Deleting the PTEN gene in mice causes nerve cells to grow larger and heal better after injury, but may cause overgrowth and hair loss in older mice.

Prolactin and TGF-β receptor blockers might help treat hair loss.

Lack of Cisd2 disrupts calcium balance in cells, leading to poorly functioning neutrophils.

The HoxC gene cluster and its enhancers are essential for developing hair and nails in mammals.

Both induced and spontaneous AA lymphocytes can cause alopecia areata in mice.

Collagen XVII is crucial for skin cell growth and nail health.

TLR3 activation helps improve skin and hair follicle healing in mice.

Removing the ATR gene in adult mice causes rapid aging and stem cell loss.

The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for hair growth and maintaining hair follicle identity.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

Nerves and chemicals in the body can affect hair growth and loss.