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This section presents 70 multiple choice questions designed for haematology specialist trainees, covering complex clinical cases and their likely diagnoses, adverse events, and management advice.

This article presents a collection of 70 multiple choice questions designed to assist haematology and core medical trainees with diagnostic and management skills, but it provides no new clinical findings.

This study reports the first case of eyelash elongation and thickening in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome taking the Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib.

This review examines clinical data on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors used for immune-mediated conditions beyond rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting their potential therapeutic roles in various inflammatory diseases.

This review explores potential indications for prolactin receptor inhibitors beyond breast and prostate cancers, emphasizing the need for potent antibodies to further research prolactin receptor expression.

This study identified 14 genes affected by copy number variants that may contribute to alopecia areata, including four genes notably involved in autophagy and chromatin remodeling.

This review discusses the application and potential of baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, for treating dermatological diseases like alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results.

This review provides an in-depth analysis of the structure and function of c-kit activation, and its role in both normal physiological and pathological conditions, with no new research findings reported.

This review discusses the role of steroid 5 alpha reductase 2 in converting testosterone to DHT and its association with conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer; it reports no new results.

This review highlights the ongoing need for novel treatments for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses, suggesting that drug repositioning, utilizing existing medications or biologics, could provide more affordable and effective options for managing this lifelong skin condition.

This review explores the role of JAG1 in disease treatment, highlighting the need for effective methods to deliver JAG1 in its bound form to activate NOTCH signaling for therapeutic applications in craniofacial bone loss and myocardial infarction.

This systematic review found that Janus kinase inhibitors have shown beneficial effects for psoriasis and alopecia areata, with promising preliminary results in other skin conditions, though more research is needed to define dosing and safety profiles.

This review discusses the anticancer properties of ginseng, including its potential to alleviate chemotherapy side effects, and calls for more research on its mechanisms of action in various cancers.

This case report found that a novel botanical treatment halted disease progression and promoted hair regrowth in four patients with lichen planopilaris, indicating potential for use as a safe alternative therapy.

This review describes the various cutaneous manifestations of essential thrombocythemia and how treatments like hydroxycarbamide, interferon-alfa, and anagrelide may lead to skin complications, but does not report new clinical findings.

This study developed molecular signatures for dermal papilla cells and their niche, uncovering novel signaling regulators and genes linked to hair disorders, which may inform future hair development research.

This study observed that baricitinib treatment led to significant improvement in a patient's alopecia areata symptoms and suggests further clinical trials to explore its potential as a treatment.

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

This review discusses genetic and environmental factors contributing to autoimmunity in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for further study on its aetiology and pathophysiology.

This review discusses the potential role of oxidative stress in hair graying and age-related alopecia, emphasizing the need for new strategies to counteract these effects, but reports no new results.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the historical development, mechanisms of action, and potential new clinical applications of the drug cepharanthine, highlighting its multi-faceted pharmacological properties; it reports no new clinical results.

This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

This review discusses recent advances and ongoing clinical trials in novel therapeutics for alopecia areata, despite the lack of current FDA-approved treatments for severe cases, and reports no new results.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This study found that RANK-RANKL signaling regulates hair renewal and epidermal homeostasis in mice, revealing its role in initiating hair growth cycles and maintaining skin cell activity.

This review highlights the challenges in treating alopecia areata, noting that current therapies often lead to relapse and have uncertain long-term effectiveness; it also points to potential future treatments such as JAK-STAT inhibitors and PRP.

In this study, tofacitinib treatment was associated with significant hair regrowth in two patients with alopecia universalis over eight months, with minimal adverse effects reported.

This review examines existing research and clinical trials on the use of dupilumab for various skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disorders, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the use of tofacitinib as a treatment for plaque psoriasis, highlighting its efficacy and safety in clinical trials, but notes unresolved questions regarding long-term safety.