Human hair can almost fully recover its structure within about 1,000 minutes after being stretched.
Human hair keratins can self-assemble and support cell growth, useful for biomedical applications.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
January 2009 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Curved human hair has different structures on each side, which might cause its shape and is similar to wool.
January 2006 in “Seibutsu Butsuri” Curly and straight hair differ in how their internal fibers are arranged.
108 citations,
October 2003 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin makes hair follicles stronger.
13 citations,
May 2001 in “Current problems in dermatology” Keratin proteins in epithelial cells are dynamic and crucial for cell processes and disease understanding.
6 citations,
February 2021 in “Proteins” Researchers found that the most reachable bonds in wool fibers are near the ends of certain proteins, which help stabilize the fiber's structure.
71 citations,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
69 citations,
January 2015 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” Keratin mutations cause skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.
53 citations,
September 2004 in “American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics” Mutations in keratin genes cause cell fragility and various skin disorders.
48 citations,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
41 citations,
November 2020 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Different hair protein amounts change the strength of keratin/chitosan gels, useful for making predictable tissue engineering materials.
1 citations,
June 2023 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” Human hair proteins can help blood clot when mixed in equal parts.
November 2023 in “Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers” Scientists made nanoparticles from human hair proteins to improve drug delivery.
Oxidized hair can naturally regain strength and stability over six months.
18 citations,
January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine change hair structure differently during perms, affecting hair strength and curling efficiency.
54 citations,
March 2009 in “BioEssays” Hormones control keratin production in skin and hair.
54 citations,
November 2015 in “Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology” Keratins are important for skin cell health and their problems can cause diseases.
19 citations,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
9 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
7 citations,
February 1998 in “Polymer journal” Keratin structure in hair is stable at pH 5-6 but disrupts between pH 6-7.
5 citations,
February 2022 in “Biophysical journal” The model shows that filament flexibility and amino acid differences affect how fast intermediate filament proteins assemble.
62 citations,
December 2008 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair curvature in Japanese people is linked to specific cell types and filament arrangements in the hair cortex.
24 citations,
March 2011 in “The American journal of pathology” AIRE protein, defective in APECED patients, is found in skin and hair cells and interacts with cytokeratin 17.
51 citations,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
31 citations,
August 2005 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” The study concluded that PKP1 is essential for skin integrity and hair growth, and its dysfunction causes the symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome.
28 citations,
April 1996 in “Cell biology international” Changes in keratin affect skin health and can lead to skin disorders like blistering diseases and psoriasis.
12 citations,
December 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The C-terminal tail of AHF/trichohyalin is essential for organizing keratin filaments in keratinocytes.
54 citations,
January 2018 in “Scientific reports” Human hair contains diverse proteins, including keratins and histones, which could help assess hair health and aging.