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Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.

Male hormones indirectly affect skin cell development by increasing growth factor levels from skin fibroblasts.

Hair follicle size is mainly influenced by the number of cells and extracellular matrix volume, with cell number having a larger impact.

PRP treatment mildly to moderately improves hair loss in most men with AGA.

Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 due to hormonal imbalances and vitamin D deficiency.

COVID-19 can cause various skin issues, like rashes and lesions, which are more common in younger patients and can be linked to more severe complications.

Glucocorticoids and sex hormones affect skin health, with potential for targeted treatments to minimize side effects and treat skin conditions.

Men with common hair loss (AGA) are more likely to have metabolic syndrome, which increases heart disease risk. Early screening could help prevent heart disease. More research is needed to understand this relationship better.

The research found that anovulatory young women have higher androgen and hormone levels than those who ovulate, suggesting immature hormonal regulation rather than a specific condition.

Male hormones, particularly DHT, are linked to male pattern hair loss, and treatments like finasteride can help, but they don't work for postmenopausal women's hair loss, which may have different causes.

Metformin and rosiglitazone improve blood vessel function in women with PCOS, with metformin also reducing insulin resistance and testosterone levels.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

Androgenetic alopecia is mainly caused by genetic factors and increased androgen activity, leading to hair follicle miniaturization.

Androgens contribute to common male hair loss; more research needed for hair growth medication.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) often leads to severe acne, and lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments can help manage it.

Androgen Deprivation Therapy for prostate cancer often reduces sexual function but intermittent therapy may be more tolerable.

Trilostane effectively and safely treats dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, improving symptoms and adrenal gland size.

Minoxidil, a common hair loss treatment, might work by counteracting a hormone that reduces hair growth and promotes hair loss.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.

Disruptions in hair follicle fibroblast dynamics can cause hair growth problems.

Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.

The treatment reduced hair growth and testosterone in women with excess hair and had some effects on stress responses.

Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Androgenetic alopecia involves genetics, hormones, and can be treated with medications or surgery.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Hormonal therapies are effective for managing hair and skin symptoms in women with PCOS.

Minoxidil 2% and 5% are common treatments for female pattern hair loss, with other options including anti-androgens, oral contraceptives, and hair transplantation.

Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.