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This study found significantly higher levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-17 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting these immune markers play a crucial role in the disease's development and could be targets for future treatments.

This study found that Cutl1 mutant mice experienced retarded lung differentiation and abnormal hair follicle morphogenesis, indicating the vital role of CDP in lung development and hair follicle cell-lineage specification.

A JAK1 variant causes hair loss, skin issues, and thyroid disease, but treatment with a specific inhibitor can help.

This study found that the TLR3 L412F genetic variant is associated with severe viral infections, especially CMV, and immune dysfunction in a subgroup of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis patients.

Lower GATA3 levels in mice help hair regrow by changing certain immune cells.

In this study, targeted inactivation of the integrin-linked kinase gene in melanoblasts led to defects in cell migration, proliferation, and ability to populate the skin, implicating an integrin-linked kinase-Rac1 connection in melanocyte function.

In this study, ustekinumab did not promote hair regrowth in human patients with alopecia areata or prevent disease development in an AA mouse model, suggesting limited efficacy for this treatment.

This study observed that in aged mouse skin, there was an increase in IL-17-expressing T helper cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and blocking IL-17 signaling reduced skin inflammation and delayed age-related changes, suggesting it as a potential target to mitigate skin aging.

This study found that an E-cadherin mutant preserved normal cadherin levels and prevented inflammation and lethality in mouse skin lacking p120, highlighting p120's role in regulating cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and inflammation.

This study found that neutrophil-rich hair follicle inflammation caused by a monoclonal antibody targeting murine EGFR in mice involved TNFα and interleukin-1, suggesting these cytokines play a role in EGFR antibody-induced rashes in cancer patients.

This review concluded that interleukin-17 is involved in the development of female-pattern baldness, suggesting a potential inflammatory role in the condition’s underlying causes.

This study found that targeting both hormonal and immune pathways improved treatment outcomes in androgenetic alopecia patients with an under-recognized inflammatory component called PIILIF, which may contribute to treatment resistance.

The study reported that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17A and IL-2 compared to healthy controls, suggesting these interleukins may play an important role in the disease, though they did not correlate with its severity or duration.

This study found that intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in the IL-4 gene may be associated with an increased risk of alopecia areata in the Turkish population.

In this study, nearly 5% of anti-TNF-treated patients with IBD developed psoriasiform skin lesions, with smoking identified as a main risk factor, and ustekinumab proved highly effective in severe cases.

This report describes two cases where patients developed alopecia while undergoing treatment for psoriasis with IL-17 inhibitors, suggesting an unexpected paradoxical reaction.

In this study, daily treatment with angiotensin (1-7) significantly reduced disease severity in a mouse model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, suggesting potential for Mas agonists in future therapies.

In this study, researchers found that inhibiting IKKα in patient-derived CCS tumour models reduces tumour viability, supporting the potential for topical IKKα inhibitors as a treatment for CCS.

In a mouse model study, researchers observed that the absence of MCPIP1 in myeloid cells decreased susceptibility to chemically induced skin papillomas but caused significant hair loss and skin pigmentation changes, suggesting a role for MCPIP1 in skin carcinogenesis and follicle integrity.

This study found that higher serum IL-21 levels may serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for alopecia areata, strongly correlating with disease activity.

This study shows that NIPP1 deficiency in mouse epidermis leads to hyperproliferation, hair loss, and chronic skin inflammation, which can be partially alleviated by dexamethasone treatment.

This study found that melatonin upregulates LncRNA16913.1, which sequesters chi-miR-195-5p to release FZD6 and enhance fibroblast proliferation in cashmere goat skin, suggesting a regulatory mechanism within the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA cascade in vitro.

This study found that type I interferon response-related genes activated by RIG-1 and IL-17 pathways were significantly up-regulated in hair follicle and skin samples with chronic discoidal lupus erythematosus.

This study found that integrin-linked kinase is crucial for various epidermal functions, including differentiation and barrier formation, and also plays a previously unreported role in melanocyte development and function.

This study found that maternal iron-restricted diets increased alopecia incidence in IL-10-deficient mouse pups with mast cells, implicating mast cells as potential effectors in this process.

In this study, baricitinib improved the resolution of arthritis or rash in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, but outcomes for skin involvement like alopecia were not reported.

This study reports that CD200R expression is significantly reduced in an experimental mouse model of scarring alopecia, suggesting a potential role for this pathway in immune regulation and hair follicle protection.

In this study, high levels of the protein Flii in mice were associated with worsened symptoms and inflammation in ulcerative colitis, suggesting Flii may inhibit mucosal healing.

OR101 may effectively treat atopic dermatitis and similar skin conditions.

This study reviews current evidence on the role of ILC3s in the skin, highlighting their potential involvement in responding to microbiome changes such as those associated with acne and suggesting gaps in understanding their mechanisms.