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In this study, researchers found that a specific genetic variant in the INSR gene is linked to severe insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia in type A insulin resistance syndrome, suggesting the benefit of exon sequencing for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

This case report describes a 7-year-old boy with medulloblastoma who developed central precocious puberty, potentially triggered by the mass effect of the tumor, which was managed with leuprolide.

This chapter discusses common endocrine disorders affecting the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, and their impact on human fertility, emphasizing practical evaluation and treatment algorithms.

This case report describes a post-menopausal woman with severe hirsutism whose high testosterone levels decreased after gonadotropin suppression, indicating residual hormone-producing tissue responsive to gonadotropins.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role in causing acne, and treatments like hormone control pills and hormone-blocking medications can help.

This review highlights that effective management of PCOS-related dermatological issues, such as hirsutism and acne, requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hormonal therapies, metabolic interventions, and lifestyle changes.

This study outlines a multidisciplinary approach to investigate primary amenorrhea, emphasizing the necessity to consider medical history, physical examination, and potential hormonal or anatomical causes, and recommends early referral in cases of chromosomal abnormalities or persistent amenorrhea following the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

In this study, bicalutamide at low doses was not linked to significant liver enzyme changes compared to other androgen-blocking treatments in transfeminine adolescents and young adults, suggesting its safety with careful monitoring for this population over one year.

This review emphasizes the importance of endocrinologic evaluation in acne patients due to its association with endocrine disorders like hyperandrogenism; it reports no new clinical results.

This source outlines various antiandrogen and androgen inhibitor drugs used to treat cutaneous disorders of hyperandrogenism, detailing their mechanisms, uses, dosages, and side effects, with emphasis on spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, and oral contraceptives.

This article reviews the complications and health risks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that women with PCOS displayed significantly higher activity of 5alpha-reductase, suggesting an additional role for liver and peripheral tissues in their androgen excess.

This study found that women with PCOS have higher activity of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase, which may contribute to their elevated androgen levels.

This study found that hirsutism is more frequent among female relatives of PCOS patients, suggesting a hereditary aspect of PCOS, while premature balding was not more common among male relatives.

This article discusses polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), its symptoms, and links to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but reports no new research findings; the authors emphasize recognition of features in youth.

This study found that while cyclophosphamide remains effective for severe autoimmune conditions, it is associated with gastrointestinal side effects, infections, some cases of irreversible amenorrhoea, and a higher risk of malignancies, emphasizing the need for long-term monitoring.

This review discusses diagnosis and management strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome in teenagers and reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing tailored approaches considering symptoms, psychological well-being, and fertility needs.

This review discusses the challenges of using surrogate variables versus primary clinical end-points in PCOS trials and reports no new research results; the authors suggest focusing future studies on primary outcomes.

This review discusses the clinical features and therapeutic goals for teenagers with PCOS, emphasizing the need for further research into its causes and potential long-term health risks, but reports no new clinical results.

This case report presents the first known instance of combined polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in a patient, exploring potential mechanisms for their interrelation.

This study found that young women with PCOS exhibited altered white matter microstructure and reduced cognitive performance compared to matched controls.

This publication reviews the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care for supporting transgender and gender nonconforming people, with adjustments needed for diverse global contexts and no new clinical results.

This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.

This guideline from the Endocrine Society recommends using the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome and outlines first-line treatments, emphasizing hormonal contraceptives and lifestyle intervention.

This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria, associated morbidities, and possible evolutionary advantages of polycystic ovary syndrome, but does not report any new findings.

In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was the most prevalent cause of androgen excess, and suppressive hormonal therapy improved hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and acne in most patients, though side effects were common.

This review discusses the current understanding of polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future research directions, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of androgens in the progression of cardiovascular disease and explores novel therapeutic targets without reporting new clinical results.

This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and treatment approaches for PCOS, highlighting the importance of considering metabolic issues such as insulin resistance and obesity, but reports no new findings.

This hypothesis paper suggests that PCOS may result from genetically determined ovarian hypersecretion of androgens, influencing hormone regulation and insulin resistance, with obesity further affecting its severity; no new clinical results are reported.