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This case study describes a 15-year-old girl with a Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor who showed high androgen levels and steroidogenic responses similar to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome before surgery.

This case report describes three instances where occult ovarian Leydig cell tumors were suspected based on severe hyperandrogenism symptoms, despite negative imaging findings, highlighting that elevated testosterone levels are a crucial diagnostic marker.

This case report and literature review describes a 27-year-old woman with a Sertoli Leydig cell tumor causing testosterone-related symptoms and highlights normalization of hormone levels after surgical treatment.

This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, emphasizing the importance of early expert evaluation to prevent irreversible changes such as virilization.

This report describes a complex case of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism with virilization and concurrent rare ovarian tumors, highlighting the critical role of interdisciplinary collaboration in diagnosing and managing such challenging scenarios.

This review discusses 46,XY disorders of sex development caused by defects in androgen production and highlights the need for long-term care from experienced multidisciplinary teams, but it reports no new clinical findings.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

This article discusses the potential use of 5α-reductase inhibitors in dermatology and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest further exploration of their dermatological applications.

This review discusses therapeutic options for pubertal induction in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, focusing on recombinant gonadotropins, and highlights the need for larger randomized trials to determine optimal treatment strategies.

Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.

This study reported a rare case of ovarian steroid cell tumor removal resulting in normalized hormone levels, resumption of menstruation, and subsequent spontaneous pregnancy in a 31-year-old woman.

This case report describes a rare instance of a Leydig cell tumor in a 35-year-old pregnant woman, discovered incidentally during a cesarean section. The tumor typically presents with symptoms of excess androgen, though it can range from asymptomatic to rapid virilization.

This review outlines the role of testosterone in male sexual development and its therapeutic use for male hypogonadism, covering its biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, and various biological actions, but does not report specific study results.

This case study describes a testosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma in a 55-year-old woman, highlighting the presence of Reinke's crystalloids, suggesting that Leydig cells may play a role in such tumors.

In this case series, the authors reported that postmenopausal hyperandrogenism should be carefully evaluated to diagnose potential androgen-secreting tumors, with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors identified as a common cause.

This case report from a German study detailed a 2-year-old girl with virilization and precocious puberty due to a rare ovarian steroid cell tumor, finding that post-surgery, her elevated hormone levels normalized within a week, and ongoing follow-up showed no need for chemotherapy.

This case study reports a rare instance of mucinous cystadenoma causing severe virilization in a postmenopausal woman, highlighting a possible link with rapidly progressive hyperandrogenism.

This case report discusses a postmenopausal woman whose hyperandrogenism and metabolic symptoms improved significantly after the surgical removal of an ovarian Leydig cell tumor, confirmed post-operatively.

In this case report, a 71-year-old woman with severe hyperandrogenism and virilization revealed a bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor, confirmed after adnexectomy, resulting in normalized testosterone levels and improved hirsutism post-surgery.

This review discusses the dermatologic care of transgender individuals and highlights the need for more quantitative research to improve clinical understanding and support future studies.

Most women with excessive hair growth have PCOS; treatment varies and focuses on preventing new hair, with electrolysis as the only permanent removal method.

This study found a significant association between patients' sex of rearing and external genitalia in those with gonadal dysgenesis, while noting lower testosterone levels compared to controls.

This study observed that testosterone therapy in transgender men enhances both physical and mental health, is safe in the short and middle term with proper follow-up, and highlights the need for endocrinologists to provide gender-affirming care despite its limited presence in medical education.

This chapter reviews patchy hair loss due to skin disease, nail disorders related to chronic trauma, and treatments for small carcinomas, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.

This article discusses various causes of hyperandrogenism in women and highlights diagnostic considerations for conditions such as PCOS, NCCAH, Cushing's disease, and androgen-secreting tumors, without reporting new clinical results.

This article reviews the role of hormones in human penis development and associated conditions due to hormonal imbalances, but reports no new findings, suggesting hormone replacement can manage some conditions.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

This research found that androgen bioactivity plays a role in normal female sexual differentiation, suggesting females develop within a significant androgenic environment, with implications for understanding conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This case report discusses the diagnostic challenges and management options for three siblings with 46, XY DSD due to type 2 5-α reductase deficiency, highlighting the genetic basis and impact on their quality of life.