January 2024 in “Medicina” Proper planning and technique in upper-face feminization surgery are crucial to avoid complications and revisions.
157 citations,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
134 citations,
June 2012 in “International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery” Facial feminization surgery is effective in helping transgender women appear more feminine and has high patient satisfaction.
38 citations,
May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
20 citations,
March 1975 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” The study concludes that a genetic mutation in TFM mice leads to reduced androgen receptor activity, affecting the body's response to male hormones.
9 citations,
April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial contouring is crucial for the satisfaction and well-being of Chinese transgender females.
5 citations,
September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
2 citations,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document concludes that individualized Facial Feminization Surgery plans and comprehensive care are crucial for successful outcomes.
2 citations,
September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
1 citations,
September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
39 citations,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
31 citations,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
15 citations,
September 2021 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery” The document concludes that facial feminization surgery improves psychological well-being and social acceptance for transgender individuals.
3 citations,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
22 citations,
June 2004 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” A woman had both Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome, causing hair loss, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, making her genetically male but physically female. This suggests androgens don't affect the hair loss condition.
2 citations,
November 2018 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Significant facial gender transformation requires surgery, not nonsurgical methods.
Orthognathic surgeons play a key role in modifying masculine facial features to be more feminine, often improving transgender women's quality of life.
17 citations,
February 2018 in “British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery” Forehead reduction and orbital contouring are important for satisfactory facial feminization in transgender females, with high satisfaction and low long-term problems.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A man's rare adrenal tumor caused feminization and white hair, was removed surgically, and improved after treatment.
36 citations,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
1 citations,
November 2007 in “Neuro-chirurgie/Neurochirurgie” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes modest feminization in transgender female adolescents, and works better with added estrogens.
26 citations,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” 17α-estradiol is a safe estrogen that might protect the brain and doesn't cause feminization, needing more research for treating brain diseases.
9 citations,
November 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some men can have female pattern baldness without hormonal abnormalities or signs of feminization.
97 citations,
November 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.
9 citations,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
9 citations,
March 2011 in “PubMed” Spironolactone is used in dermatology to treat skin conditions related to hormones, but is not safe for pregnant women or men.
8 citations,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
126 citations,
February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.
57 citations,
February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.