13 citations,
June 2006 in “Fertility and Sterility” Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a common, treatable genetic disorder causing reversible symptoms like acne and hair loss.
45 citations,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
November 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.
10 citations,
May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
3 citations,
February 2018 in “Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences” Some ovarian tumors can cause masculinization, and it's important to check for various causes when this symptom is present.
5 citations,
January 2023 in “Fertility and sterility” Doctors are preparing to potentially perform uterus transplants in transgender women, considering technical, hormonal, and ethical factors.
20 citations,
April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
151 citations,
December 2004 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a genetic disorder with two forms, causing symptoms like early puberty and severe acne, but can be identified through screening and treated with glucocorticoids.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
5 citations,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.
2 citations,
November 2012 in “InTech eBooks” The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.
September 2023 in “Fides et Ratio” The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
40 citations,
April 2018 in “Endocrine” PFS and PSSD are similar conditions with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping medication.
2 citations,
October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
May 2021 in “Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine” A 13-year-old with 46 XY DSD had ambiguous genitalia due to incomplete masculinization.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
12 citations,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
26 citations,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
14 citations,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have lower fertility, but with proper treatment, they can conceive successfully.
10 citations,
February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.
51 citations,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
2 citations,
July 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Exposure to the hair loss drug finasteride during pregnancy can cause genital anomalies in male babies, but not in female babies. It's best to avoid this drug in women who could potentially become pregnant.
15 citations,
December 2019 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Most insurance companies do not cover extra gender-affirming surgeries, with coverage being low and inconsistent.
11 citations,
May 1996 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The main enzyme found in pubic skin that could be targeted to treat excessive hair growth is 5 alpha-R2.
11 citations,
August 2019 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia experience more sexual dysfunction and distress.
11 citations,
January 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Young women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia may experience worse sexual function and mild depression compared to healthy women.
5 citations,
December 2004 in “Dermatology” Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.
30 citations,
June 2019 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” The document concludes that managing non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females requires personalized treatment, genetic counseling, and a team of specialists.