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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

β-catenin in the dermal papilla is crucial for normal hair growth and repair.

The skin has a complex immune system that is essential for protection and healing, requiring more research for better wound treatment.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

Air pollution worsens skin diseases and aging by causing inflammation and oxidative stress.

The conclusion is that using drugs to block the TOR pathway might slow aging and prevent age-related diseases.

The modified Ferriman-Gallwey method is a useful tool for diagnosing hirsutism.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

Chemotherapy can cause various skin reactions, with hair loss being the most common, and proper diagnosis and treatment of these reactions are important.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.

New nanofiber technology improves wound healing by supporting cell growth and delivering treatments directly to the wound.

Wnt signaling is crucial for pigmented hair regeneration by controlling stem cell activation and differentiation.

Growing human skin cells in a 3D environment can stimulate new hair growth.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

The immune system plays a key role in tissue repair, affecting both healing quality and regenerative ability.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Hair loss and aging are caused by the breakdown of a key protein in hair stem cells.

Melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles are key for hair color and could help treat greying and pigment disorders.

A protein from certain immune cells is key for new hair growth after skin injury in mice.

Future hair loss treatments should aim to extend hair growth, reactivate resting follicles, reverse shrinkage, and possibly create new follicles, with gene therapy showing promise.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

PCOS is caused by both genetics and environmental factors like diet and obesity.

AGA causes hair loss by shrinking hair follicles due to DHT binding, and can be treated with finasteride and minoxidil.