Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An In Silico and In Vitro Study

The study investigated the effects of triclocarban, triclosan, bromochlorophene, chlorophene, and climbazole on nuclear receptors using in silico and in vitro methods. It found that these compounds could interact with various nuclear receptors, potentially disrupting endocrine functions. Triclocarban and triclosan exhibited both agonist and antagonist activities on androgen (AR), estrogen (ERα), glucocorticoid (GR), and thyroid (TR) receptors. Bromochlorophene, chlorophene, and climbazole also showed various agonist and antagonist activities on these receptors. The findings suggested that these chemicals, commonly found in personal care products, might pose health risks by interfering with hormone regulation, emphasizing the need for further research to fully understand their implications on human health.