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This study found extensive co-evolution of polyglutamine repeat lengths in neural protein clusters, highlighting their potential role in neurocognitive variation and neuropsychiatric disease development.

This review synthesizes current knowledge on choriogenesis, the final stage of oogenesis in insects, by exploring the role of follicle cells, regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, and the biochemical makeup of the eggshell, while also highlighting structural diversity and adaptations across insect species.

This study cataloged human type II hair keratins, detailing their expression and differentiation roles in hair follicles and comparing them with type I keratins to explore keratin-pairing principles.

This study reports the cloning and expression details of two new human type II keratins, K6irs3 and K6irs4, in the hair follicle's inner root sheath, suggesting a distinct functional role related to hair structure.

This study identified a domain on human chromosome 21q22.1 containing various high glycine-tyrosine and high sulfur keratin-associated protein genes, revealing their diverse expression in hair-forming cells.

This study found that the differential expression of α- and β-keratin genes in feathers may explain their morphological and structural diversity, highlighting the chicken as a model for studying keratin-related diseases.

This study found that in Chinese goat breeds, specific genetic variations, particularly in Tibetan Cashmere goats, are associated with traits like hair growth and adaptation to high-altitude environments.

This study found that the HoxC gene cluster plays a critical role in the development of ectodermal organs, including hair and nails, with mammalian-specific enhancers increasing transcription levels during development.

In this study, researchers discussed how specific protein interactions in reptile skin allow for the development of protective structures like scales and scutes, which facilitated reptiles' adaptation to terrestrial environments.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding the structural hierarchy of trichocyte keratins, including their heterodimeric structure and distinct conformations impacting hair growth, with no new experimental results reported.

This study suggests that recombinant Lumpy Skin Disease Virus strains pose a severe threat to yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, causing high mortality and emphasizing the need for targeted control strategies.

In this review, researchers examined the molecular diversity and expression patterns of major skin appendage proteins, like keratins and EDC proteins, in tetrapods, highlighting recent findings in reptiles and birds and identifying knowledge gaps for future research.

This review discusses the roles of the Agouti and Agouti-related proteins in pigmentation and energy regulation and reports no new experimental findings.

This study revealed specific patterns and potential functions of long non-coding RNAs during the hair follicle cycle of yaks, offering insights into their sequence conservation between yaks and cashmere goats.

This review discusses how sex-limited chromosomes can affect non-reproductive traits in various sex determination systems and reports no new empirical results.

This study demonstrated how cellular flows and tissue mechanics guide the topological transformations in avian skin, essential for feather follicle development from scales.

In this study, the authors identified and characterized the Get3d protein, conserved across plants and photosynthetic bacteria, which localizes to the chloroplast in Arabidopsis thaliana and potentially plays a role in tail-anchored protein targeting, linked to photosynthesis homeostasis.

This review highlights the regenerative abilities of *Xenopus laevis*, focusing on how tadpoles regrow complex tail structures and the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this. It underscores *X. laevis* as a valuable model for understanding regeneration, with insights potentially advancing regenerative medicine.

This chapter discusses genetic polymorphisms related to phenotypes that differentiate between populations and reports no new results; it highlights the role of DNA technology in understanding human adaptation history.

This study found that the EDAR 1540T/C genetic variant is significantly associated with hair thickness variation in Japanese populations, enhancing previously observed associations in Southeast Asian groups.

This study constructed a panel of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic genes, revealing that current SNP chips insufficiently capture many drug-response gene variants, highlighting the need for complementary genetic approaches.

This study reports previously unrecognized cellular complexity in growing mouse incisors, suggesting species-specific differences in cell dynamics between mouse and human teeth related to growth and differentiation.

The researchers observed that in cichlid fishes with different dental structures, tooth replacement accelerated more than three times following tooth extraction, alongside distinct changes in gene expression and cellular interactions over one week, providing insights into tooth regeneration mechanisms in vertebrates.

This review discusses the complex role of the EDA pathway in vertebrate skeletal development, emphasizing its interaction with other morphogenic pathways to influence skeletal diversity, but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses the interplay between signaling/transcription factor-mediated and epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and regeneration, highlighting the need for further exploration of epigenome reorganization in these processes.

This review discusses the mechanisms linking obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome and explores potential management options, but it presents no original research findings.

This study used proteomics to identify various proteins in human hair, which may help develop novel biomarkers for hair health, disease, and aging.

This review discusses the role of PIN-FORMED 2 and related signaling pathways in root hair growth regulation and reports no new experimental findings.

This study identified differentially expressed proteins and pathways potentially involved in wool bending in Zhongwei goats, with specific genes like COL6A1 and CRNN emerging as important candidates in this process.

In this study, researchers explored how hair follicle orientation is affected in the rosette fancy mouse and found that a mutation in the PCP gene Fzd6 caused reversed hair orientations in the posterior region, leading to the formation of unique whorls.