Comparative Genome Analyses Reveal the Unique Genetic Composition and Selection Signals Underlying the Phenotypic Characteristics of Three Chinese Domestic Goat Breeds

The study conducted comparative genome analyses on three Chinese domestic goat breeds, sequencing the genomes of 89 goats to identify unique genetic compositions and selection signals. It revealed significant genetic differences due to geographic isolation and identified specific genes under positive selection related to traits such as coat color, hair growth, and high-altitude adaptation. Notable findings included a novel SNP in FGF5 associated with long hair in Tibetan Cashmere goats and selection signals in pigmentation genes like KITLG, ASIP, and LCORL. The research provided valuable insights into the genetic basis of phenotypic traits and the evolutionary history of these breeds, emphasizing the importance of genetic diversity and selection in domestic animals.