24 citations,
January 1989 in “Archives of biochemistry and biophysics” Male rats have androgen receptors in their liver, which are different from proteins that bind estrogen.
8 citations,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical estrogen treatments did not change hair growth in certain mouse strains, questioning previous findings on their role in hair growth control.
July 2021 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Alopecia patients have less GPER-1, which might affect hair loss.
December 2014 in “Bali Medical Journal” Females have higher estrogen receptor levels in hair than males, and these levels decrease in white hair compared to black hair.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The new method showed that endometriotic tissue has lower estrogen receptor levels but similar progesterone levels compared to normal endometrium, with both following a similar cycle.
149 citations,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
27 citations,
April 1998 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Estrogen and progesterone don't directly affect hair growth in androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata.
27 citations,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene variations may be linked to female pattern hair loss.
19 citations,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
14 citations,
December 2010 in “Seminars in Oncology” Rare adrenal cancers that secrete androgens or estrogens have a poor prognosis and are treated primarily with surgery.
7 citations,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
2 citations,
May 2012 in “Annals of Oncology” Patients with advanced breast cancer and high hormone receptor levels who had surgery for ovarian/pelvic metastases lived longer, especially if they had high estrogen receptor levels.
The paper suggests that a decrease in estrogen receptor activity may cause sexual dysfunction syndromes and proposes hormonal treatments.
June 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Young women in West Bengal, India, with PCOS often have estrogen resistance, leptin receptor issues, folate deficiency, T2DM, and acanthosis, commonly linked to obesity.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
5 citations,
August 2012 in “Journal of Dermatology” Tamoxifen may cause female hair loss by increasing androgen receptor expression.
21 citations,
March 2019 in “Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences” The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.
44 citations,
March 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human hair growth are unclear and need more research.
4 citations,
December 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene linked to female-pattern hair loss.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” CK 5/6 expression in breast cancer is linked to negative hormone receptor status and higher tumor grade.
3 citations,
February 2019 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The effects of estrogen on human scalp hair growth are unclear and need more research.
16 citations,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
109 citations,
October 2007 in “Journal of pineal research” Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.
93 citations,
February 2009 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” 5α‐reductase isozymes are crucial for prostate development and health, and targeting them can help prevent and treat prostate issues.
67 citations,
October 2005 in “Annals of Oncology” Fulvestrant is a well-tolerated new treatment for advanced breast cancer that may delay chemotherapy.
51 citations,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
28 citations,
May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
21 citations,
February 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormones affect prostate health and disease, with certain hormone imbalances linked to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
19 citations,
December 2011 in “PubMed” Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.