59 citations,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
47 citations,
January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
35 citations,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
21 citations,
November 2010 in “Talanta” Researchers developed a reliable method to measure testosterone and epitestosterone in urine for medical and anti-doping use.
April 2016 in “Annals of laboratory medicine” The method reliably profiles eicosanoids and shows epitestosterone reduces their levels, similar to common anti-inflammatory drugs.
103 citations,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
29 citations,
February 2004 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Men with early balding often have hormone levels similar to women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
33 citations,
December 2015 in “Neuroendocrinology” Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.
10 citations,
November 2012 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Korean and Caucasian men with male pattern baldness have different hair steroid levels.
441 citations,
May 2008 in “British Journal of Pharmacology” Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.
69 citations,
February 1983 in “Gut” Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.
58 citations,
June 2000 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Different types of androgens bind differently to two receptors, AR1 and AR2, in Atlantic croaker's brain and ovarian tissues, suggesting these receptors may control different androgen actions in fish.
53 citations,
October 1984 in “Endocrine reviews” Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.
50 citations,
March 2017 in “PeerJ” Using finasteride or dutasteride may cause long-lasting erectile dysfunction.
49 citations,
December 2017 in “Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis” The method effectively detects banned substances in urine for sports antidoping.
42 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The conclusion is that oral contraceptives and antiandrogens can treat hirsutism and acne in women with cutaneous hyperandrogenism, but more research is needed for effective treatments, especially for hair loss.
39 citations,
April 2007 in “Therapeutic Drug Monitoring” Finasteride affects urinary steroid profiles and can potentially hide steroid abuse in sports drug testing.
28 citations,
July 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Early onset baldness in men may indicate a condition similar to PCOS, linked to heart disease, diabetes, and prostate issues.
27 citations,
April 2013 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.
27 citations,
January 1984 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.
25 citations,
March 2017 in “Steroids” Allopregnanolone increases growth and changes gene activity in human brain cancer cells.
25 citations,
April 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride lowers scalp and blood DHT levels, potentially treating male-pattern baldness.
22 citations,
November 2011 in “Journal of Analytical Toxicology” Scientists have developed a new method to detect steroid abuse in athletes using cell-based tests, which could be the future of anti-doping methods.
20 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” The document concludes that there are still unknowns about the effectiveness, risks, and detection of performance-enhancing drugs, and doping remains a challenge.
18 citations,
April 2011 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Dihydrotestosterone causes p27 protein breakdown in ovarian and breast cancer cells by binding with SKP2.
16 citations,
April 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dermatologists play a key role in identifying and documenting signs of abuse and injury for forensic investigations.
16 citations,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.
12 citations,
December 2017 in “Scientific reports” The new test can measure very small amounts of testosterone in hair, and grinding the hair up first gives more accurate results.
10 citations,
January 2019 in “Journal of Chromatography B” Researchers developed a reliable way to measure hormones in urine, showing that a baldness treatment doesn't change hormone levels.
10 citations,
May 2010 in “Analytica Chimica Acta” New tests detect finasteride and dutasteride in urine quickly and easily.