TLDR Mutations in the AR gene cause hair thinning and loss.
The review article examined the impact of AR gene mutations on androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a prevalent hair loss condition in both genders. The AR gene, on the X chromosome, encodes androgen receptors that respond to hormones like DHT. Mutations heighten receptor activity in hair follicles, shortening hair growth cycles and thinning hair. AGA is associated with cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer in men, and polycystic ovary syndrome in women. Treatments include minoxidil, finasteride, and surgical options, though many unproven therapies exist. The condition is more common in white men, often starting in adolescence and affecting half by age 50. Finasteride and dutasteride can promote hair growth but may cause infertility, while minoxidil stimulates growth without preventing further damage. Hair transplantation is viable for advanced cases.
48 citations
,
February 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with PCOS often have hair loss, which is linked to acne or excess body hair but not to worse hormone or metabolic issues.
41 citations
,
October 2011 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” G allele of AR Stul polymorphism linked to higher hair loss risk, especially in white people.
19 citations
,
November 2010 in “PubMed” New genetic insights have improved understanding of hair loss, leading to a new test and treatments, but more research is needed on the test and laser comb effectiveness.
195 citations
,
June 2005 in “American Journal of Human Genetics” Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.
December 2025 in “ADMET & DMPK” Personalized treatments for hair loss focus on specific genetic and biological pathways.
174 citations
,
November 2002 in “Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine” Hair loss needs more research for better treatments.
February 2024 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” NMN could potentially treat hair loss by reducing oxidative stress and improving cell health.
September 2023 in “Cureus” Topical finasteride might be a good alternative for hair loss treatment with fewer side effects, but more research is needed.
January 2009 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” The study suggests that a specific gene variation and higher gene activity are linked to increased baldness in Egyptian men.
29 citations
,
September 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Hair disorders are caused by a complex mix of biology, genetics, hormones, and environmental factors, affecting hair growth and leading to conditions like alopecia.
