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This chapter reviews the biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and therapeutic effects of testosterone and related androgens, but reports no new research findings.

This review discusses 'vibe coding', a new approach that allows clinicians with minimal coding skills to utilize machine learning tools for medical research by using natural language directives to generate and refine code through AI-driven platforms.

This review discusses the conditions, genetic factors, and treatment options related to polycystic ovary syndrome, but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for future research.

This study found that female pattern hair loss is more common in women with thyroid disease and is associated with the duration of the disease, while alopecia areata is not more frequent.

This review discusses the evaluation, clinical presentation, and cutaneous manifestations of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, focusing on differential diagnosis challenges with polycystic ovary syndrome, and reports no new clinical findings.

This study suggests that adding metformin to diet and exercise improves insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, though lifestyle changes alone may enhance menstrual cycles.

This article discusses the discovery of the first known menstruating rodent, the spiny mouse, and proposes that a significant increase in progesterone during the luteal phase is a unique feature of menstruating species, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that serum PSA levels are higher in hirsute women and can be significantly reduced by antiandrogen treatment, suggesting PSA as a marker of androgen action in females.

This study found that the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in healthy premenopausal female blood donors is low and not affected by hormonal contraceptive use, with stress-related factors being the most common cause.

This review discusses the complex etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), highlighting its association with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, but reports no clinical findings; the authors suggest further investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome reported a poorer health-related quality of life compared to women in the general population and patients with other medical conditions.

In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.

This review discusses the impact of weight gain and obesity on the development of polycystic ovary syndrome and explores lifestyle strategies to manage the condition, without reporting new clinical results.

This review summarizes existing knowledge on androgen receptor activity in breast cancer and reports no new clinical findings, with emphasis on therapies targeting androgen signaling in specific BC subtypes.

This study found that myo-inositol treatment reduced hirsutism and acne in women with PCOS by improving their metabolic profiles, including lower insulin and testosterone levels.

This review examines the evaluation and management of hirsutism and hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the use of antimüllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian reserve in infertility diagnosis and treatment, noting it reflects oocyte quantity but not health or pregnancy likelihood.

This article reviews the skin condition myxedema associated with hypothyroidism, highlighting its characteristic non-pitting, glycosaminoglycan-rich nature, and reports no new results.

This article reviews the psychological, social, and biological impacts of polycystic ovary syndrome on women of reproductive age and reports no new experimental results.

This study found that finasteride significantly reduced hirsutism in women with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovary syndrome over six months, suggesting its potential effectiveness for this condition.

This review discusses the differential diagnosis of low-renin hypertension and highlights recent genetic discoveries related to familial forms, but it presents no new clinical results.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the UK show significant differences in phenotypic and metabolic characteristics based on ethnicity, age, and obesity, influencing management strategies.

This article discusses the diagnostic complexities of PCOS and emphasizes the importance of differentiating between polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome; it presents no new experimental results.

This study found that diagnosing nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in women based solely on serum 17OHP measurements can lead to false positives, suggesting the need for urinary steroid profiles and genetic testing for confirmation.

Researchers found an RNA transcript that might help control a growth factor linked to tumor development.

This study observed two distinct phenotypes among North Indian women with PCOS: obese hyperinsulinaemic dysglycemic women from Delhi and lean hyperandrogenic women from Srinagar, despite being in the same region.

This article discusses the need for a globally standardized protocol for epidemiologic studies of polycystic ovary syndrome to improve study comparability and public health policy.

This study found that the prevalence of PCOS in Thai adolescents was 5.29%, with moderate acne identified as the strongest associated risk factor.

This study found that acanthosis nigricans in the knuckles correlates with higher insulin and HOMA-IR values, potentially serving as an early, accessible marker for insulin resistance even without excess weight.

This study found that women with PCOS have higher total PSA levels than controls, and the total PSA level correlates positively with testosterone and free androgen index.