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This case report describes a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman with hirsutism due to a rare case of bilateral diffuse ovarian Leydig cell hyperplasia, leading to normalized testosterone levels and improved glycaemic control following surgery.

This article examines when it is appropriate to prescribe estrogen for women with hormonal imbalances, utilizing decades of clinical practice, expert consultation, and a comprehensive literature review.

In this case report, a novel heterozygous mutation in the insulin receptor gene was identified in an adolescent girl with type A insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by excessive hair growth and skin changes, and her mother.

This review investigates molecular mechanisms behind PCOS pathogenesis and discusses potential therapies, but reports no new clinical results.

This article provides evidence on when it is appropriate to prescribe hormone therapy for women by reviewing cases from the author's practice and international literature, emphasizing the importance of primary care in managing hormonal imbalances.

This review explores the association between alopecia and thyroid autoimmune disease, also highlighting a linked increased risk of thyroid cancer, but presents no new clinical findings.

This review discusses current knowledge of isolated premature pubarche in infants and reports no new findings, highlighting it as a mild, self-limiting condition that necessitates exclusion of serious causes.

Surgery successfully treated a hidden ovarian tumor causing hair loss and excess hair growth in a postmenopausal woman.

The book is a valuable reference on androgenic disorders for professionals but not suitable for laypeople or medical students.

This study suggests that the use of finasteride for benign prostate hyperplasia may increase the risk of osteoporosis diagnosis, particularly at higher doses.

This study found that lipin 1β expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue is significantly lower in PCOS patients compared to controls, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.

This case report presents the first known instance of combined polycystic ovary syndrome and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in a patient, exploring potential mechanisms for their interrelation.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of androgens and androgen receptors in skin disorders, particularly androgenetic alopecia, and reports no new clinical results; it highlights potential areas for future treatment development.

This review explores how androgens and growth hormone influence the development of terminal hairs and sebaceous glands, attributing variability in hirsutism and acne to differing genetic sensitivities to androgens, but reports no new experimental data.

This study found that menstrual irregularity is common in women with acromegaly, with high GH levels, estrogen deficiency, and larger tumors correlating with more severe irregularity.

This study found that parents identified with cryptic NCCAH through genetic testing are mostly asymptomatic but may experience temporary female infertility and require glucocorticoid stress coverage in specific circumstances.

The document concludes that managing hirsutism involves identifying the cause, using a scoring system for severity, combining cosmetic and medical treatments, encouraging weight loss, and providing psychological support, while noting the need for more research on drug treatments.

This review discusses the definition, causes, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options for hirsutism in women without reporting new clinical results, and highlights the impact of the condition on self-esteem.

This review discusses cross-sex hormone therapy for managing gender dysphoria in transsexual individuals and reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for education and culturally sensitive training for healthcare professionals.

This review analyzes how androgens impact sexual desire and reproductive behaviors, emphasizing molecular interactions, but provides no new clinical results.

This study concluded that among men with normal testosterone levels, a small increase in serum dihydrotestosterone may reduce symptoms of hypogonadism, suggesting its potential diagnostic use after ruling out hypogonadism.

This study found that spironolactone, flutamide, and finasteride are similarly effective in reducing hair diameter and Ferriman-Gallwey scores in women with hirsutism over a 6-month treatment period.

In this study, a novel mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene was identified in a young woman, impairing glucocorticoid signaling and leading to generalized glucocorticoid resistance.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.

This review discusses the range and causes of adipose tissue diseases, emphasizing genetic and acquired forms of lipodystrophy, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that 5α-reduced glucocorticoids may have anti-inflammatory potential and could serve as biomarkers for liver inflammation in metabolic disease, with implications for drug development.

This review examines androgen status in male and female obesity and its influence on the metabolic syndrome, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among women seeking primary healthcare in Salvador, Brazil, was found to be 8.5% using the Rotterdam criteria.

This review highlights that children with adrenal disorders may experience neurological and psychiatric symptoms, with potential long-term cognitive and behavioral effects from excess glucocorticoids.

This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.