November 2024 in “Frontiers in Medicine” In this review, the researchers highlighted the prevalent symptoms in cirrhosis patients, including pain, muscle cramps, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues, and emphasized the need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach for symptom management to improve quality of life.
42 citations
,
July 1982 in “PubMed” This study found that a low estrogen-containing oral contraceptive normalized hormone levels and improved symptoms in women with polycystic ovary disease, with minimal side effects reported.
1 citations
,
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” This study found that perinatal androgen deprivation in male rats increased serum estrogen levels and enhanced exploratory behavior, indicating that elevated estrogen may affect brain sex differentiation and related behaviors.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” This review examines the development of cardiovascular risk factors related to testosterone levels in PCOS women and reports no new clinical results.
8 citations
,
January 1986 in “Journal of hepatology” This study suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic men is associated with altered sex-steroid metabolism, indicated by lower testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels compared to cirrhosis alone.
40 citations
,
March 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that women experiencing diffuse hair loss had significantly lower levels of plasma sex-hormone binding globulin compared to controls, while their testosterone levels remained normal.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case study highlights the late diagnosis of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in a 31-year-old woman, emphasizing the psychological impact and need for individualized treatment guidelines.
January 2017 in “University journal of surgery and surgical specialities” This case study describes a rare steroid cell tumor of the ovary in a 42-year-old woman, highlighting its virilizing effects and the importance of thorough follow-up due to its potential for malignancy.
46 citations
,
July 1974 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In this study, women with hirsutism and amenorrhea showed lower serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations but higher levels of unbound testosterone compared to normal individuals.
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” In this study, perinatal androgen deprivation in male rats led to elevated estrogen levels and a lack of sexual motivation towards gonadally-intact female rats.
11 citations
,
January 1980 in “PubMed” This article reviews various side effects and concerns related to oral contraceptives, including potential vascular complications and elevated plasma cortisol levels, but reports no new clinical results.
17 citations
,
March 2016 in “Liver international” This study found that low serum testosterone and elevated serum oestrone in men with cirrhosis are associated with worse liver disease and adverse health outcomes, suggesting oestrone as a potential ill health marker.
1 citations
,
December 2019 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” This study found that high prepubertal and pubertal androgen levels, originating from both adrenal and gonadal secretion, were negatively associated with adult height outcomes in males with Silver-Russell syndrome.
6 citations
,
June 2006 in “International Journal of Gynecological Pathology” This study reports that in a case of benign Brenner tumor, elevated androgens may originate from luteinized stromal cells, as these cells do not convert androgen to estrogen due to suppressed aromatase biosynthesis.
2 citations
,
March 2018 in “BMJ Case Reports” This case study describes an 88-year-old postmenopausal woman diagnosed with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, a rare ovarian cancer, highlighting the importance of checking hormone levels in similar unexpected cases.
February 2021 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with hirsutism and hair loss attributed to ovarian stromal hyperplasia; surgical removal of the ovaries normalized testosterone levels and resolved symptoms.
6 citations
,
July 2018 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This case study reports the first known instance of hepatic adrenocortical carcinoma in a virilized young woman, highlighting the importance of comprehensive evaluation to identify ectopic adrenal tumors.
2 citations
,
July 2009 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” This case report describes a 66-year-old woman diagnosed with porphyria cutanea tarda, characterized by painless vesicular lesions on sun-exposed areas and associated with hemochromatosis, and managed effectively with phlebotomy.
40 citations
,
October 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology” In this study, trilostane treatment led to complete hair re-growth in 85% of Pomeranians and all miniature poodles with alopecia X within 4 to 8 weeks.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” In this study, researchers found that oestrogen did not increase adrenal androgen secretion in children with premature adrenarche or in adolescents with gonadal dysgenesis undergoing oestrogen replacement therapy.
October 2025 in “World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences” This review highlights the role of sex hormones in skin health, observing that hormonal changes throughout a woman's life can affect skin conditions such as acne and hair loss, with treatments involving hormonal therapies and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.
January 2022 in “Journal of family medicine” This case report highlights the challenges of misdiagnosis in women with PCOS and emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to address interconnected endocrine and reproductive dysfunctions.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” This review found that patients taking antiandrogens, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, and spironolactone have an increased risk of developing gynecomastia, potentially due to hormonal changes.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” This review discusses the complex relationship between melasma and factors like female sex hormones, genetics, and ultraviolet light exposure, but reports no new clinical findings.
23 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Membrane Biology” This study found that testosterone increased the expression of AQP-1, 5, and 7 in the uterus of rats, which may help explain the reduction in uterine fluid volume.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Biomedicines” This study found that 17β-estradiol was the most powerful hormone for inducing APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cultured vascular endothelial cells, with secretion occurring through exosomes dependent on estrogen receptors and intracellular calcium.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” This case report describes a young female with a rare combination of 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis and MRKH syndrome, highlighting associated infertility challenges.
May 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, DOP treatment improved hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia by altering local steroid metabolism and follicular morphology.
April 2018 in “Pharmaceutical and biological evaluations” This review discusses polycystic ovarian syndrome, highlighting its symptoms, potential causes, and treatment options, but reports no new clinical results.
October 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” An 86-year-old man with prostate cancer was diagnosed with a rare, low-grade breast cancer and underwent surgery but declined additional hormone therapy.