Commonly Encountered Symptoms and Their Management in Patients With Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis significantly impacts patients' quality of life through various symptoms, including fatigue, appetite disorders, pruritus, muscle cramps, sleep disturbances, mental health disorders, gastrointestinal issues, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pain. Fatigue is managed non-pharmacologically, while appetite disorders require addressing risk factors and nutritional deficiencies. Pruritus and muscle cramps lack robust treatment options, though taurine and pickle juice show some promise for cramps. Sleep disturbances are prevalent and linked to higher mortality, with treatments including pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are common and managed with antidepressants and psychotherapy. Gastrointestinal symptoms are managed through dietary adjustments and cognitive therapies. Sexual dysfunction affects both genders, with treatments focusing on underlying liver disease and psychological support. Chronic pain management emphasizes non-pharmacologic approaches due to limited medication options. Hair loss, particularly telogen effluvium, is common and linked to elevated estrogen levels, with management focusing on addressing triggers. A holistic, multidisciplinary approach is essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.