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Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

New compounds called benzoquinolinones may treat conditions linked to excess DHT.

Using human fat tissue derived stem cells in micrografts can safely and effectively increase hair density in people with hair loss.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could lead to new hair loss treatments.

The document concludes that diagnosing and treating Human African Trypanosomiasis is challenging, but new treatments like fexinidazole are promising.

TNF family proteins are crucial for the development of skin features like hair, teeth, and mammary glands.

Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.

NF-κB is crucial for zebrafish heart repair, affecting heart cell growth and repair processes.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.

EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.

Finasteride can cause lasting sexual, emotional, and cognitive issues, with varying severity.

Muscles and nerves that cause goosebumps also help control hair growth.

Some common medications can harm male fertility, but many effects can be reversed.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Androgenetic alopecia involves genetics, hormones, and can be treated with medications or surgery.

Fat tissue cells are a promising option for healing various diseases, but more research is needed to ensure they are safe and effective.

Certain mice without specific receptors or mast cells don't lose hair from stress.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

Minoxidil and finasteride are effective for male hair loss, minoxidil for female hair loss, and various treatments like corticosteroids work for alopecia areata; treatment should be tailored to the individual.

Finasteride use changes brain chemicals, causing lasting sexual issues and anxiety/depression.

Dermoscopy helps diagnose and monitor treatment for hair loss from scarring conditions like discoid lupus and lichen planopilaris.

Careful planning and patient counseling can lead to excellent hair transplant results, often in one or two sessions.

Blue light promotes hair growth by interacting with specific receptors in hair follicles.

A patient with alopecia areata regrew hair after taking tofacitinib and showed changes in certain blood and skin markers.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.