50 citations,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.
46 citations,
May 1986 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone affect hair growth, and new techniques like the folliculogram help study it, but fully understanding hair growth is still complex.
45 citations,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
37 citations,
February 2010 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Androgen self-administration might be controlled by membrane receptors, not nuclear ones.
35 citations,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.
35 citations,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” The exact cause of increased 5α-reductase activity leading to hirsutism in women is still unknown.
33 citations,
August 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document explains hair biology, the causes of hair loss, and reviews various hair loss treatments.
32 citations,
December 2017 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” Minoxidil and caffeine in transfersomes improve hair growth treatment.
31 citations,
September 2008 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.
31 citations,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
31 citations,
October 1971 in “Steroids” Human beard hair follicles change testosterone into other related hormones, but don't much change androstenedione into testosterone.
29 citations,
April 1995 in “Endocrinology” Finasteride doesn't affect bone density in male rats.
29 citations,
December 1998 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” New treatments for hair loss show promise, especially finasteride for men and a stronger minoxidil formula.
29 citations,
November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.
26 citations,
November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
25 citations,
November 1979 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Androgens affect skin conditions like acne and hair loss through specific biochemical pathways.
24 citations,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” The substance MK386 effectively blocked testosterone conversion and reduced cell growth in certain skin cells, but inhibiting 5α-reductase alone may not greatly improve acne.
23 citations,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” New pregnane derivatives are effective at inhibiting an enzyme linked to hair loss and reducing oil gland activity.
22 citations,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.
20 citations,
December 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Flutamide combined with a low-dose birth control pill effectively reduces excessive hair growth in women with polycystic ovarian disease.
19 citations,
January 2012 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” Grateloupia elliptica extract may help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth.
19 citations,
June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
19 citations,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” Male rats have more somatostatin neurons than females due to testosterone converting to estrogen during early development.
19 citations,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Hormones and genetics play key roles in male and female baldness, which can affect mental health and may be linked to other health issues.
19 citations,
May 2013 in “Annals of Oncology” Aromatase inhibitors cause male pattern hair loss in women.
18 citations,
January 2002 in “Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin/Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin” New pregnane derivatives were more effective than finasteride at inhibiting a key enzyme for male pattern baldness.
17 citations,
October 2013 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.
16 citations,
June 2008 in “Springer eBooks” Over 50% of women over 50 experience hair loss, with minoxidil being the only proven effective treatment.
15 citations,
January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” 5α-Reductase inhibitors can negatively affect male sexual function and, in some cases, significantly reduce sperm count, but these effects may be reversible.
14 citations,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.