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The vitamin D receptor is essential for skin stem cells to grow, move, and become different cell types needed for skin healing.

Significant progress was made in understanding PXE, but effective treatments are still needed.

Disrupting Acvr1b in mice causes severe hair loss and thicker skin.

Mice lacking Insig proteins had hair growth problems due to cholesterol buildup, but this was fixed by the drug simvastatin.

Phosphatidic acid may help hair grow by affecting cell growth pathways.

Different Myc family proteins are located in various parts of the hair follicle and may affect stem cell behavior.

New understanding of the causes of primary cicatricial alopecia has led to better diagnosis and potential new treatments.

Mutations in the KRT85 gene cause hair and nail problems.

PAI-2 helps in the maturation and protection of hair and nail cells.

Deleting MED1 in skin cells causes hair loss and skin changes.

Some hair loss disorders are caused by genetic mutations affecting hair growth.

Growing hair follicles have high mitochondrial activity and ROS in specific regions, aiding hair formation.

Different melanocyte types in hair follicles either survive or die during the catagen phase.

S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.

Fatp4 is crucial for healthy skin development and function.

FGF and EGF are crucial for hair follicle development and growth.

Aging in hair follicle stem cells leads to hair graying, thinning, and loss.

A mutation in mice causes hair loss and skin issues due to a defect in a gene affecting cell adhesion.

The document concludes that understanding genetic mutations in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway can lead to better diagnosis and treatment for certain genetic skin disorders.

Canine hair follicles have stem cells similar to human hair follicles, useful for studying hair disorders.

Mice with the 'lanceolate hair' mutation have abnormal hair and skin similar to human Netherton's syndrome.

Rat vibrissa follicles are useful for studying hair growth cycles, especially the transition from pro-anagen to anagen.

Human hair growth is influenced by androgen hormones, and red deer mane follicles have similar hormone receptors.

IGF-1 increases whisker growth in transgenic mice.

Loss of keratin K2 causes skin problems and inflammation.

Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.

Plet-1 protein helps hair follicle cells move and stick to tissues.

TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.

P-cadherin is crucial for hair follicle pigmentation but not skin pigmentation.