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As people age, their hair follicles produce less pigment, leading to gray and white hair, due to factors like reduced enzyme activity and damage to melanocyte DNA.

A new mutation in the Connexin 26 gene was found in a patient with KID syndrome, expanding the known disorders linked to this gene.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Guidelines for diagnosing common hair loss include detailed history, clinical examination, and various diagnostic techniques.

Two rare genetic diseases cause severe rickets in children due to defects in vitamin D metabolism.

Women with PCOS have a higher risk of diabetes and heart problems, especially when they get older.

Mouse Notch is important for determining cell roles in hair follicles.

Scalp dermoscopy is good for diagnosing a type of hair loss and helps choose the best spots for biopsy.

Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.

The dermal papilla is crucial for hair growth and health, and understanding it could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Minoxidil boosts hair growth by increasing cell production and survival.

Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.

Researchers developed promising agents for prostate cancer imaging, with the best one showing high potential for clinical use.

Mice without the vitamin D receptor are more prone to UV-induced skin tumors.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

Some drugs can cause hair loss or increase hair growth, but these effects are usually reversible when the drug is stopped.

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

The Sonic hedgehog pathway is crucial for new hair growth during mouse skin healing.

Melasma is now considered a skin aging disorder caused by sun exposure in people with a genetic tendency, which impacts treatment and prevention approaches.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

Wounded skin cells can revert to stem cells and help heal.

Mental and social factors greatly affect skin conditions and doctors find it hard to deal with these aspects.

The document concludes that adenosine receptor agonists have potential for treating various conditions, but only a few are approved due to challenges like side effects and the need for selective activation.

New 5% minoxidil foam effectively promotes hair growth and is safe for use.

Dextran sulfate was found to be toxic and ineffective for treating HIV.

Spironolactone reduced hair thickness and some testosterone levels in women with excessive hair growth.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.