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The document suggests that clinical trials for PCOS should focus on meaningful primary outcomes like live birth rates, rather than less reliable surrogate markers.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Metformin helps improve symptoms and reproductive outcomes in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metformin improves hair growth and menstrual frequency in women with PCOS and hirsutism.

The patient's high testosterone was reduced by a medication that suppresses gonadotropin.

Understanding genes and hormones is crucial for managing male puberty and sex development disorders.

Astilbin can potentially calm overactive immune responses, like in Type 1 Diabetes, by suppressing certain cell activities and reducing inflammation.

A woman developed Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency from using fluticasone and ritonavir together.

Photobiomodulation helps reduce pain, lessen inflammation, heal wounds, and can be used in skin treatments. It also boosts hair growth in women with hair loss and may help fight microbes and prevent respiratory issues in COVID-19.

11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is changed into different substances by certain enzymes and may play a role in prostate cancer.

C60 fullerenes can alter protein function and may help develop new disease inhibitors.

The authors suggest that 5-α-reductase inhibitors, like dutasteride, are effective in treating frontal fibrosing alopecia and should be the first-line treatment, with other options for severe cases. They also recommend further research on Janus kinase inhibitors.

People with hair loss have more androgen receptors and enzymes in certain follicles, with men and women showing different patterns.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

Modulating Cytochrome P450 activity could help develop new skin disease treatments.

Cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the skin help break down various substances and could be targeted to treat skin conditions.

Reconstructed skin models are useful for studying how skin processes certain chemicals.

Foreskin keratinocytes and SVK14 cells express certain cytochrome P450 enzymes, unlike hair follicle keratinocytes.

Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.

Some herbal medicines can interfere with chemotherapy, affecting treatment and causing side effects.

Low-level laser therapy seems to promote hair growth but requires more research to confirm its effectiveness.

Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.

Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.

A gene in Sebekia benihana, CYP-sb21, is needed for a specific reaction on the drug Cyclosporine A, which could be important for hair growth without affecting the immune system.

Spironolactone successfully treated hair loss in a 9-year-old girl.

Researchers found two enzymes in Avicennia marina that help produce maslinic acid and corosolic acid, which have medicinal benefits.

Finasteride doesn't affect antipyrine metabolism, so interactions with cytochrome P-450 enzyme drugs are unlikely.

Saw palmetto can help with prostate issues and may promote hair growth.

Drug metabolism affects how long a drug works, its interactions, activation, and toxicity, and is influenced by genetics, diet, illness, and other drugs.