14 citations,
November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.
January 2009 in “Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakaishi/Journal of S C C./Nihon Keshouhin Gijutsushakai kaishi” Curved human hair has different structures on each side, which might cause its shape and is similar to wool.
January 2008 in “Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory” Cysteine formation on hair indicates damage, best detected at pH 4.5.
73 citations,
June 2006 in “Animal genetics” The FGF5 gene determines hair length in dogs.
9 citations,
January 2011 in “Journal of X-ray science and technology” Perming and bleaching damage hair differently, with bleached hair having more cysteic acid in the cuticle.
65 citations,
September 2014 in “BMC genomics” Different hair types in mammals are linked to variations in specific protein genes, with changes influenced by their living environments.
7 citations,
January 2010 in “Animal” Angora goat hair grows faster and produces more protein than cashmere goat hair, and certain hormones and nutrients positively affect hair growth and protein synthesis.
7 citations,
February 2011 in “Journal of dermatology” The 736T>A mutation in the LIPH gene is common in Japanese people with autosomal recessive woolly hair.
3 citations,
January 2019 in “International Journal of Trichology” The balance of thiol-disulfide in women with hair loss is affected but not damaged.
28 citations,
October 2011 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” Adenosine helps hair grow longer and stronger by boosting certain growth factors and signaling pathways.
March 2016 in “The Korean Society of Beauty and Art” MSG-based hair hardener improves hair thickness, strength, and wave retention after perms.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” ATG effectively reduces hair frizz without damaging hair strength.
1 citations,
January 1996 Cysteine and arginine are essential for hair growth and thickness.
May 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Mercaptans make hair more prone to damage, with reduced hair being more affected than permed hair.
Rosehip extract improves hair treatment and waving efficiency with cysteine but not with thioglycolate.
9 citations,
June 1947 in “Analytical Chemistry” Cold waving solutions quickly reduce cystine to cysteine in hair.
4 citations,
November 2022 in “Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials” Human hair proteins, especially keratins, can protect cells from oxidative stress in lab settings.
6 citations,
February 2021 in “Proteins” Researchers found that the most reachable bonds in wool fibers are near the ends of certain proteins, which help stabilize the fiber's structure.
48 citations,
July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
71 citations,
August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.
11 citations,
April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.
January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” Liposome-encapsulated thioglycolic acid improves hair perming effectiveness and durability.
12 citations,
February 1998 in “Gene” The B2 genes are crucial for hair growth in rats.
67 citations,
December 1990 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.
16 citations,
January 2017 in “Physical chemistry chemical physics/PCCP. Physical chemistry chemical physics” The 3D structure of a key hair protein was modeled, revealing specific helical structures and stabilization features.
36 citations,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
January 2024 in “Molecules (Basel. Online)” Juglone from walnut extracts may help repair damaged hair.
40 citations,
November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.
22 citations,
November 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cystatin M/E helps in the final stages of hair and nail formation by controlling certain enzymes.
28 citations,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.