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This article reviews the genetic and protein interactions involved in hair growth, highlighting regulatory sequences, expression patterns, and potential genetic modifications, but presents no new experimental findings.

This study used proteomic techniques to analyze human hair proteins, revealing keratin heterogeneity and identifying posttranslational modifications, such as cysteine trioxidation and methylation.

This study found that a peptide treatment using Protein disulphide isomerase improved the mechanical and thermal properties of over-bleached hair by promoting deeper peptide penetration and attachment.

This study found that bleached hair showed optimal protein structural integrity and tensile strength at pH 5, with significant changes in cross-linking, water content, and diameter at more alkaline or acidic levels.

This study outlines how combined ultrasonic and infrared hair treatments may enhance hair restoration and performance by breaking down keratin disulfide bonds for better treatment access and sealing cuticle scales to preserve improvements, with potential applications in salon and home settings.

This study found that the moisture content of human hair significantly influences the type of fracture under tensile loading, with low or high humidity levels leading to smooth fractures and intermediate humidity resulting in step fractures.

This study analyzes the fine structure and protein distribution in monotreme hairs, finding similarities with other mammals and detailing unique immunocytochemical features in their inner root sheaths.

This study reports a good correlation between the curvature of human eyelashes and the displacement of the neutral axis, influenced by the non-uniform thickness of the outer cuticle layer.

This study found that African and Caucasian hair contain the most lipids, and depletion of these lipids leads to less water retention and increased water desorption, with Caucasian hair showing improved breaking tenacity after lipid extraction.

In this study, a new shading model for hair was developed that better matches real-life light scattering, thanks to detailed new measurements of hair fiber scattering not predicted by existing models.

This study introduced a new hair shading model that more accurately simulates light scattering on hair fibers, capturing effects not predicted by previous models.

This study suggests that human keratin fiber matrix has a well-defined nano-scale grainy structure rather than being amorphous, with grain size influenced by chemical treatments, temperature, humidity, and follicle-level factors.

This chapter provides an overview of the complex chemical and physical structure of the hair surface, detailing how factors like ethnicity, environmental stress, and cosmetic treatments can alter its properties and influence the adhesion of hair care products.

This study found that sonography and electron microscopy revealed distinct abnormalities in hair follicle morphology in patients with androgenetic alopecia, which may aid in diagnosing and managing the condition.

This study found that 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane penetrates hair fibers and improves the mechanical resistance of dry hair, addressing the needs for increased body in fine hair.

This study developed a rapid method to extract proteins from human hair, revealing phosphorylation on serine and threonine residues in alpha-keratins and matrix proteins.

In this study, co-grafting human keratinocytes with murine dermal papilla-enriched cells produced hair follicle-like structures, but without regular hair formation, suggesting anomalous folliculogenesis.

This study identified 16 novel high sulfur KAP genes and two KAP pseudogenes on chromosome 21q23, showing expression in a specific region of the hair fiber cuticle.

This study proposes a new method to selectively isolate keratin-associated proteins and keratin from human hair, suggesting that KAPs may support keratin fibers in hair structure.

This study suggests that the action of minoxidil in stimulating hair growth likely occurs at the follicular dermal papilla, though it does not induce new follicle formation.

This study found that using henna dye positively affected hair cuticula pattern and diameters compared to undyed hair, though the degree of change may vary based on hair phenotype and condition prior to treatment.

This study found that hair from ovarian teratomas shares similar chemical composition and morphology with scalp hair, but differs in physical properties and cysteic acid bands.

The study developed a hair cream using extracts from plants like Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Nigella sativa, reporting that it may protect the scalp and hair by providing antimicrobial effects, promoting hair growth, and preventing hair fall and graying.

This study found that involucrin likely plays a key role in forming the cornified material of the medulla and inner root sheath of human hair, contributing to its mechanical strength.

In this study, researchers found that a protein-enriched cream made from Spirulina platensis improved the physical structure of natural hair, as evidenced by more intact and smoother cuticles compared to a control cream without protein, suggesting its potential for hair care applications.

This study identified a specific genetic variant in the CCHCR1 gene that may contribute to alopecia areata through impaired keratinization, suggesting an alternative mechanism beyond autoimmune causes.

This study found that washing hair with surfactants reduces the internal density of hair due to cuticle lifting, and suggests that a cuticle-sealing strategy can inhibit this effect and maintain hair homeostasis.

This study found that the promoter region of the sheep KRTAP11-1 gene drives specific transcriptional activity in wool follicles, suggesting it may regulate hair keratinocyte specificity.

In this study, researchers used SEM/SDD-EDS to identify waterborne minerals like calcium and aluminum in the scalp hair cuticle of individuals using treated or untreated water for hair washing, finding that prior application of coconut oil or conditioners can prevent calcium uptake.

This study found that disrupting the Sox21 gene in mice led to progressive hair loss and regrowth, identifying Sox21 as a key regulator of hair shaft cuticle differentiation.