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High levels of male hormones in women without tumors are linked to metabolic problems and can be treated with metformin.

Many adults in Porto have acne, but few know or treat it.

Human prenatal skin develops an immune network early on that helps with skin formation and healing without scarring.

Diazoxide applied to the skin can increase hair growth without harmful side effects.

PDCD4 is important for controlling skin cell growth and healing.

A man's rare tumor caused unusual nerve-related symptoms that improved after surgery.

Men need higher doses of botox than women and a different approach for facial aesthetics due to their unique facial features and muscle mass.

The document concludes that treating androgen excess needs patience, managing expectations is important, and many drugs used are not officially approved, suggesting cosmetic options for mild cases.

Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.

Finasteride can cause lasting sexual dysfunction, depression, and other side effects, needing more research for treatment.

Lower vaspin levels in the blood may indicate a better response to fertility treatment in women with PCOS.

Keratin is crucial for keeping skin cells healthy and its changes can lead to diseases and affect cell behavior.

Metformin helps improve symptoms and reproductive outcomes in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metformin improved insulin resistance and BMI in overweight Taiwanese women with PCOS, and a 2-hour insulin test may be a good screening tool.

Women with PCOS have more insulin resistance and are more likely to have heart-related health issues, with insulin resistance being a bigger factor than β-cell problems.

Hormones are crucial for regulating body functions and imbalances can lead to health issues.

The skin protects the body, regulates temperature, senses touch, and makes vitamin D.

Metformin and thiazolidinediones are similarly effective for PCOS, but metformin is often preferred due to fewer side effects.

5α-reductase inhibitors can interfere with doping tests by masking banned substances.

People with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to have poor sleep, restless legs syndrome, anxiety, and depression.

Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.

The document concludes that understanding consumer-brand relationships is key for marketing and that perceived quality helps national brands maintain higher prices than store brands.

Activating TLR5 in the gut can extend lifespan and improve health in aged mice.

TLR2 is important for hair growth and can be targeted to treat hair loss.

Lavandula stoechas helps wounds heal faster in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

The study found no link between vitamin D deficiency and psoriasis but suggests more research is needed.

Some medications for inflammation can cause a condition with scalp rashes and hair loss, often linked to Crohn's disease, and may require treatment changes to prevent permanent hair loss.

The book is a detailed guide on hair and scalp diseases, useful for dermatopathologists.