The Use of Neurotoxins in the Male Face

The document from 2018 provides a comprehensive overview of the use of botulinum toxin (neurotoxins) in male facial aesthetics, emphasizing the need for a gender-specific approach due to men's distinct aesthetic goals, facial anatomy, and muscle mass. Men often require higher doses of botulinum toxin than women and are more prone to side effects like ecchymoses. The paper details injection techniques and dosing for various facial areas, including the upper face, midface, and lower face, and discusses the use of botulinum toxin for conditions such as crow's feet, nasal wrinkles, masseter hypertrophy, and platysma bands. It cites studies that support the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in these treatments, including a phase 2 study with 162 patients (11.1% men) for crow's feet and a dose-ranging study with 60 female subjects for the upper lip. The document calls for more research on biological variances in toxin binding and diffusion in men and stresses the importance of maintaining natural facial expressions through careful dosing and injection techniques. It also notes the significant increase in neurotoxin injections among men, with a 355% growth since 2000, reaching 428,542 injections in 2015.