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Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Epigenetic changes control how adult stem cells work and can lead to diseases like cancer if they go wrong.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.

TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Stem cell plasticity is crucial for wound healing but can also contribute to cancer development.

Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.

Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Male hormones and their receptors play a key role in hair loss and skin health, with potential new treatments being explored.

Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.

Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.

Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

A WNT10A gene mutation leads to ectodermal dysplasia by disrupting cell growth and differentiation.

A new mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor reduces its function and causes resistance to glucocorticoids.

Minoxidil and finasteride effectively treat hair loss.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.

The tumor suppressor gene FLCN affects mitochondrial function and energy use in cells.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin and hair development and its disruption can cause skin tumors.

Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin wound healing and reducing scars.

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.