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GlossaryChromosome

long DNA molecule with part or all of genetic material

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. In humans, each cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs. These structures are crucial for the proper distribution of genetic material during cell division and play a key role in heredity and the functioning of an organism.

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research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations, December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

62 citations, January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research The Slick Hair Coat Locus Maps to Chromosome 20 in Senepol-Derived Cattle

51 citations, January 2007 in “Animal Genetics”

The gene for slick hair in Senepol cattle is located on chromosome 20 and may involve the SRD5A2 gene.

research A New Clinical Variant of Hereditary Localized Alopecia: Report of a Chinese Family Mapped to Chromosome 2p25.1–2p23.2

2 citations, March 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A new type of hereditary hair loss in a Chinese family is linked to chromosome 2p25.1–2p23.2.

research Finding Bald Spots on Chromosome 20p11

1 citations, February 2009 in “Clinical Genetics”

New genes linked to male pattern baldness were found on chromosome 20p11.

research Whole-Genome SNP Genotyping Mapped a Novel Locus for Hereditary Hypotrichosis on Chromosome 2q31.1–q32.2

May 2015 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Researchers found a new area on chromosome 2 linked to a genetic hair loss condition.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations, June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

research The Human Type I Keratin Gene Family: Characterization of New Hair Follicle Specific Members and Evaluation of the Chromosome 17q21.2 Gene Domain

70 citations, December 2004 in “Differentiation”

The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.

research Association of Eight Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Chromosomes 20 and X with Androgenetic Alopecia Among Ethnic Han Chinese from Yunnan

June 2016 in “PubMed”

Certain genetic markers on chromosome 20 are linked to hair loss in the Han Chinese from Yunnan.

research Male-Pattern Baldness Susceptibility Locus at 20p11

111 citations, October 2008 in “Nature Genetics”

Researchers found a new gene area linked to male-pattern baldness, which, along with another gene, significantly increases the risk of hair loss in men.

research The Sheep KAP8-2 Gene, A New KAP8 Family Member That Is Absent In Humans

25 citations, September 2014 in “SpringerPlus”

Sheep have a unique gene, KAP8-2, that humans don't have, which may affect wool properties.

research Identification of the Ovine Keratin-Associated Protein 21-1 Gene and Its Association with Variation in Wool Traits

7 citations, July 2019 in “Animals”

The KRTAP21-1 gene affects wool yield and can help improve wool production.

research Sperm Aneuploidy in Infertile Male Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

26 citations, October 2014 in “Andrologia”

Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.

research Genetics of Diabetes in Childhood

January 2003 in “Springer eBooks”

Certain genes are linked to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in kids, and changes in these genes can also cause other diabetes-related conditions.

research Genome-Wide Association Study in Alopecia Areata Implicates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity

717 citations, June 2010 in “Nature”

Alopecia areata involves both innate and adaptive immunity, with specific genes linked to the disease.

research The Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

89 citations, October 1996 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Alopecia areata is likely caused by a combination of genetic factors and immune system dysfunction, and may represent different diseases with various causes.

research Hair of the Dog: Identification of a Cis-Regulatory Module Predicted to Influence Canine Coat Composition

14 citations, April 2019 in “Genes”

Researchers found a genetic region that influences the number of coat layers in dogs.

research Hair, Aging, And Environment: Clinical Epidemiological Aspects

1 citations, May 2009 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie”

Environmental factors like smoking, UV exposure, and poor diet contribute to hair loss and graying, and lifestyle changes can help manage it.

research The First Broad Replication Study of SNPs and a Pilot Genome-Wide Association Study for Androgenetic Alopecia in Asian Populations

1 citations, June 2022 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Two specific genetic markers increase the risk of hair loss in Asian populations.

research Patched-Associated Tumors: Modifier Genes and Pathogenesis

February 2022

The document concludes that the development of certain tumors is influenced by genetic background and that a specific gene modification can lead to tumor regression and reduced growth.

research Alopecia Areata and Down Syndrome: A True Association and the Importance of Dermoscopic Diagnosis

April 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

People with Down syndrome are more likely to experience hair loss, and using dermoscopy can help diagnose it.

research A Review of Genetic Research on Androgenic Alopecia

December 2016 in “Int J Genet”

Male pattern baldness is partly caused by specific genes, but most genetic factors are still unknown.

research Hunting the Genes in Male-Pattern Alopecia: How Important Are They, How Close Are We and What Will They Tell Us?

46 citations, February 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Genes play a significant role in male-pattern baldness, and understanding them could lead to new treatments and insights into related health issues.

research Size Polymorphisms in the Human Ultrahigh Sulfur Hair Keratin-Associated Protein 4, KAP4, Gene Family

27 citations, June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.

research Prediction of Male-Pattern Baldness from Genotypes

37 citations, October 2015 in “European Journal of Human Genetics”

Genetic data can predict male-pattern baldness with moderate accuracy, especially for early-onset cases in some European men.

Dissection of Genetic Variation and Evidence for Pleiotropy in Male Pattern Baldness

research The Genetics of Androgenetic Alopecia

50 citations, March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.

Resequencing and Signatures of Selective Scans Point to Candidate Genetic Variants for Hair Length Traits in Long-Haired and Normal-Haired Tianzhu White Yak

research Resequencing and Signatures of Selective Scans Point to Candidate Genetic Variants for Hair Length Traits in Long-Haired and Normal-Haired Tianzhu White Yak

7 citations, March 2022 in “Frontiers in Genetics”

The research found specific genes that may cause longer hair in Tianzhu White Yak.