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This article reviews the effects of combined oral contraceptives on skin conditions and suggests prescribing guidelines for women with acne, as it reports no new clinical results.

This study examines the use of urotherapy in Spanish folk medicine, highlighting its widespread application for treating skin conditions and the cultural symbolism associated with urine-based remedies.

This review discusses the complex dermatological effects of oral contraceptives, including both hormonal benefits and potential toxicities, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses skin diseases related to contraceptive use, reporting potential issues with oral contraceptives and infrequent reactions to mechanical or barrier methods without new clinical findings.

This review found limited support for oral vitamin C and E in treating pigmentary disorders like chloasma, inflammatory conditions, and pressure wounds, with evidence constrained by small, varied studies.

This study found that skin changes such as pigmentary alterations, vascular and connective tissue changes are common during pregnancy, with areola/nipple darkening and striae gravidarum frequently observed.

This study found that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor enhances melanin synthesis in melanoma cells through cAMP-PKA-MITF-TYR signaling, suggesting its potential as a drug target for chloasma treatment.

This review reports no new results and discusses various topical treatments, noting that fluocortin butyl ester offers anti-inflammatory effects without systemic side effects, while combinations outperform single-agent therapies in managing hyperpigmentation.

This article reviews melasma in men, its causes, and treatment options, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses skin changes during pregnancy and emphasizes the importance of recognizing these physiological manifestations to prevent unnecessary tests and stress for pregnant patients; it reports no new study findings.

This review discusses the classification and diagnosis of pregnancy-related skin conditions and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses skin changes during pregnancy, highlighting both pregnancy-specific and common physiologic changes, but reports no new clinical findings.

Pregnancy often causes skin changes like darkening, stretch marks, and hair growth, which may improve after childbirth.

This review discusses the causes and diagnostic process for facial hypermelanosis, emphasizing the need to rule out systemic disorders like Addison's disease; it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the potential use of platelet-rich plasma for treating melasma, suggesting its effectiveness but noting the need for more extensive studies to confirm these findings.

Spironolactone in anti-acne cream can cause allergic skin reactions in some people.

This text is not a research abstract but website navigation and policy information; it provides no study results.

This review discusses the complex relationship between melasma and factors like female sex hormones, genetics, and ultraviolet light exposure, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that despite a high incidence of side effects, patients generally tolerated spironolactone while benefiting from its treatment effects for acne and hirsutism.

This case report describes two instances of hyper-pigmentation induced by prolonged misuse of Betnovate cream, where cessation and appropriate treatment led to significant improvement within 15 days.

This study investigated the effects of 10600nm CO2 dot laser and Nd: YAG laser on Wistar rats' skin, finding that CO2 laser treatment resulted in higher positive expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 compared to Nd: YAG laser, with statistically significant differences noted.

In this study, a treatment regimen combining cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol significantly improved acne and seborrhoea in most women after three months, but had varied effects on hirsutism and alopecia.

This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.

This study in Japan found varying prevalence of skin disorders, with atopic dermatitis common in children and tinea pedis in the elderly, and observed gender differences in disease susceptibility.

This review discusses the effects of estrogens on skin aging and highlights the potential benefits of estrogen replacement therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators for improving skin health in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical findings.

This systematic review concluded that the support for using spironolactone at commonly prescribed doses is based on evidence of limited quality.

This review outlines pregnancy risks in systemic lupus erythematosus and emphasizes that active lupus nephritis at conception increases the risk of flares and poor obstetric outcomes; it reports no new clinical findings.

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

This review discusses the physiological skin changes during pregnancy and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing these changes from pathological conditions.

This review discusses the influence of oestrogens on various skin components and highlights their modulatory roles and receptor pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.