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Aging causes hair to gray and thin, with the timing of graying varying by race, and factors like oxidative stress and genetics can lead to hair loss.

The document lists various dermatology topics, treatments, and diagnostic methods.

PCOS may have evolved as an advantage in past environments with food scarcity.

Skin symptoms are important for diagnosing infections in children.

Antibiotics often cause skin reactions, making them a major health concern.

People with hidradenitis suppurativa are more likely to have bipolar disorder than those with psoriasis or without skin conditions.

Accurate diagnosis of cicatricial alopecias requires thorough scalp examination and multiple biopsy techniques.

Certain skin drugs and topical agents, including some natural extracts and fragrances, can cause allergic reactions. Some hair dyes and extensions, as well as minoxidil, a hair growth treatment, can also cause allergies. Botulinum toxin A can effectively reduce sweat but may have temporary side effects.

Finasteride might affect memory by impacting cholinergic system.

Basonuclin 2 is vital for the development of facial bones, hair follicles, and male germ cells in adult mice, and its absence can lead to dwarfism and abnormal follicles.

Goats with BSE or scrapie show varying symptoms, and using only clinical signs may not detect all scrapie cases.

Thyroid disease can cause skin, hair, and nail problems, and treating the thyroid condition often improves these symptoms.

Acitretin is effective for severe skin conditions but has significant side effects and requires careful monitoring.

A new mutation in the PLEC gene causes a rare condition with skin blistering, muscle weakness, and hair loss.

Prostaglandins and the enzyme AKR1C3 could play a role in skin cancer and hair loss, and further research is needed to understand these mechanisms.

COVID-19 can cause various skin issues in children, mostly not severe, with chilblain-like lesions being common, especially in adolescents.

Soy supplements improve various skin conditions and aging signs, with topical use boosting skin barrier function.

Merkel cells stabilize nerve endings in the skin, and they change independently of each other.

Human dermal stem cells can become functional skin pigment cells.

Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.

Odontogenic keratocysts are caused by abnormal Hedgehog signaling and can lead to tooth and bone issues.

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

The HPV type 11 region activates hair-specific gene expression in mice.

Hair loss is a frequent long-term effect of COVID-19, and oral minoxidil is the most common effective treatment.

Using three different drugs together may better treat eye diseases like glaucoma and macular degeneration.

Targeting NCoR1 can help treat heart enlargement and dysfunction.

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are not recommended for COVID-19 treatment due to insufficient evidence and safety concerns.

Using healthy donor stem cells can potentially calm overactive immune cells and reduce inflammation in severe hair loss patients, offering a possible treatment method.

Imiquimod can cause rare skin side effects, some irreversible, and long-term follow-up is important for users.