Dermatologic Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: A Literature Review

The document reviews the dermatologic manifestations of thyroid disease, focusing on the impact of thyroid hormone imbalances on the skin, hair, and nails. Thyroid hormone receptors have been found in skin tissues, and thyroid hormone action on the skin is primarily mediated through these receptors. Hypothyroidism can hinder the epidermal barrier function and cause alopecia due to changes in the hair cycle. Hyperthyroidism can lead to hyperhidrosis, especially in patients with Graves’ disease. The document also discusses specific conditions like alopecia areata, pili annulati, urticaria, and hypothyroidism, all linked to thyroid diseases. Hypothyroidism can cause various skin changes and significantly impact the hair cycle, leading to conditions such as alopecia and trichodystrophy. A study found that 9.63% of females with telogen effluvium had hypothyroidism. Treatment of alopecia related to hypothyroidism often resolves with the initiation of thyroid hormone replacement. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing these dermatologic manifestations to diagnose and treat thyroid diseases effectively.