506 citations,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
27 citations,
October 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.
8 citations,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
2 citations,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
5 citations,
March 2019 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document concludes that gender-affirming treatments are essential for transgender individuals and outlines safe hormone therapy practices.
28 citations,
May 2013 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.
282 citations,
October 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.
104 citations,
January 2005 in “Climacteric” Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.
28 citations,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
8 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Women's Health Reviews” Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
15 citations,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
September 2023 in “Journal of the turkish academy of dermatology” Men with male pattern baldness had higher body fat and obesity-related measurements but similar heart fat and artery thickness compared to healthy men.
37 citations,
June 2011 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Androgen is important in controlling stem cell differentiation, reducing fat development, and increasing lean mass.
198 citations,
July 2011 in “Cochrane library” Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
Women with PCOS have different body composition and some metabolic differences compared to healthy women.
105 citations,
June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
March 2023 in “Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation” Testosterone and finasteride improve body composition in men with spinal cord injury.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
7 citations,
January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone with dutasteride improves muscle strength and body composition in trans men.
31 citations,
September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
90 citations,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
November 2003 in “Aap Grand Rounds” Low-dose flutamide-metformin therapy effectively improved PCOS symptoms in adolescent girls.
1 citations,
August 2000 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” Boosting mitochondrial energy production with supplements like acetyl-L-carnitine may improve aging-related cellular function and health conditions.
1 citations,
February 2023 in “Animals” 
10 citations,
February 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” Metformin effectively improves metabolic symptoms in women with PCOS, while alfacalcidiol does not have a significant impact.
1 citations,
January 2017 in “Journal of rare disease research & treatment” Obesity is common in PCOS patients and early treatment is important for their heart and metabolic health.
71 citations,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
September 2022 in “International Journal of Health Sciences and Research” Resistance training improved BMI and menstrual regularity more in women with PCOS than aerobic training.
March 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal/Middle East Fertility Society Journal ” PCOS patients have more central body fat, which can be effectively measured using DEXA.