33 citations
,
June 1995 in “International journal of legal medicine” This study observed that prolonged water or soil exposure can lead to significant reductions in drug levels in bleached and natural hair samples.
30 citations
,
September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, researchers observed that cosmetic peroxide bleaching causes oxidative damage and protein loss in human hair, not only affecting the cuticle but also deeper cortical structures, correlating with bleaching severity.
8 citations
,
February 2022 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the lipid composition of human hair across ethnic types, effects of damage on lipid content, and associated changes with diseases, but reports no new findings; further research is needed.
12 citations
,
January 2020 in “Analyst” This study found that untargeted hair metabolomics analysis detected significantly altered endogenous biomolecules, potentially serving as biomarkers for identifying oxidative cosmetic hair treatments like bleaching.
January 2026 in “Molecules” In this study, the novel thiol-Michael click perming molecule, MA2-CySS, achieved repeatable perming with reduced oxidative damage, preserving hair keratin's structure while maintaining efficiency comparable to traditional oxidative methods.
24 citations
,
April 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that chemical treatments like perming, dyeing, and bleaching significantly alter amino acids and lipids in human hair, which may impact hair strength and quality.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “Biotechnology reports” In this study, researchers reported that the application of refolded human K31 keratin protein significantly improved diameter, mechanical strength, and smoothness of chemically damaged hair after a single treatment.
4 citations
,
November 2024 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This study reviews current research to better understand how various environmental and lifestyle factors, collectively known as the exposome, impact hair health and aging, acknowledging that the detailed mechanisms remain partially understood.
37 citations
,
August 2024 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” This review summarizes recent findings on keratins 6, 16, and 17, highlighting their role in keratinocyte behavior and nuclear functions, and discusses their potential as biomarkers for various skin pathologies, including damage, inflammation, and cancer, rather than in healthy skin.
2 citations
,
January 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This review discusses the effects of chemical hair straighteners and reports associated side effects like scalp inflammation and hair damage, noting the variability of findings and the need for further research.
36 citations
,
October 2014 in “Langmuir” This study concluded that bleach treatment partly transforms the hydrophobic top layer of human hair cuticles into a hydrophilic surface with clustered cysteic acid, visualized at the nano-scale using dynamic Chemical Force Microscopy.
23 citations
,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
4 citations
,
August 2021 in “Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology” This study found that using a plasma hairdryer for 90 minutes caused significantly less hair damage, such as cuticle cracks or layer separation, compared to traditional hot air dryers.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” This review explores how hair dyes and perms can damage hair structure and notes that while some adverse outcomes like skin irritation and allergic reactions have been reported, evidence from human studies remains inconsistent regarding potential risks, including cancer.
January 2024 in “Uttar Pradesh journal of zoology” In this study, researchers found that chemical treatments like bleaching can cause severe damage to the hair cuticle, with previously modified hair showing complete deterioration compared to the partial degradation seen in virgin hair, highlighting the need for mindful cosmetic practices.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study suggests that keratin films, which model hair damage sensitivity, remained intact after shampoo and conditioner treatments and showed potential for evaluating hair texture and adsorption.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Middle East Journal of Science” This review covers hair dye formulations, their mechanisms, and potential applications, but reports no new findings; the authors highlight the process of oxidative dyeing and repairing damaged hair.
January 2013 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that microfibrils play a crucial role in shaping permanent waves by thioglycolic acid, and treating damaged hair with hydrolyzed keratin improved both waving efficiency and hair damage.
51 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in dermatology” This study found that bleach treatments significantly increased hair surface roughness and decreased Young's modulus, indicating marked changes in hair's molecular structure which may affect future hair-care product formulation.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This study found that dutasteride may help prevent enteric neuronal damage in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, highlighting its potential for drug repurposing to address neuroinflammation.
70 citations
,
June 2017 in “Nature Communications” This study introduced a new technique, 2Phatal, enabling precise apoptotic cell ablation in living animals, revealing unique cell-type differences in apoptosis-related dynamics.
September 2024 in “Heliyon” In this study, researchers observed that even a single session of hair dyeing can damage hair fibers, with significant worsening of mechanical properties and protein composition after three or more consecutive treatments, emphasizing the need to consider the cumulative impacts of dyeing on hair health.
September 2025 in “Cell Reports” This study found that a single instance of acute skin stretching can enhance immune surveillance and improve vaccine delivery by increasing skin permeability and promoting immune cell recruitment without causing tissue damage.
November 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study found that incorporating CTA2-BADG, a modified hair-rebonding compound, into damaged hair significantly improved surface morphology and tensile strength by using charge-conversion chemistry to enhance penetration into the hair shaft.
24 citations
,
January 2006 in “Dermatologic clinics” This review discusses the chemical effects of UV radiation on hair, hair photoaging, and photoprotective measures, and calls for more focused research in hair photoprotection as a field.
October 2024 in “Cosmetics” In this study, reducing agents like ammonium thioglycolate, L-cysteine, and sodium sulfite in shampoo effectively decreased hair flyaway and frizz without causing damage, as no critical hair damage was observed in structural and tensile strength assessments.
January 1990 in “Springer eBooks” Some chemicals can permanently or temporarily remove color from skin and hair, which can be distressing and is not well-regulated in cosmetics.
295 citations
,
September 2006 in “Cell Cycle” This review discusses the role of the TOR pathway in aging and suggests that rapamycin could potentially target age-related diseases, but reports no new clinical results.
47 citations
,
July 2013 in “Pharmacological Reviews” This review discusses the role of pharmacological sciences in advancing regenerative medicine technologies but reports no new experimental findings; the authors advocate for increased pharmacologist involvement to drive innovations.
8 citations
,
November 2024 in “EMBO Molecular Medicine” In this study, researchers found that disrupting EGFR signaling in mice led to increased inflammation and hair follicle damage but that inhibiting the JAK-STAT1 pathway could restore hair growth and skin function.